This chapter narrates the large-scale protests in Bombay and Shanghai beginning in 1966. In Bombay, unemployed youth flocked to join the Shiv Sena. In Shanghai, “worker revolutionary rebels” formed quickly and served as foot soldiers in the overthrow of the local party leadership. The rebellions in Bombay and Shanghai had city-specific origins and grievances. This chapter puts these movements in the context of earlier periods of contentious politics in which challengers used spatial repertories and political geographies of the city to convey socioeconomic grievances. The movements arose in part out of frustration after nearly two decades of socialist-modernist urban governance, and the failures of new city leaders to remedy basic scarcities of housing, jobs, and services. The insurrections failed to remedy each city’s scarcities and unequal access to jobs and housing. By 1968, both movements became embedded in institutional channels, with the Shiv Sena vying for municipal council seats through electoral politics and Shanghai’s worker rebels taking part in municipal Revolutionary Committees.