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3.1.3 - Acute Heart Failure

from Section 3.1 - Cardiac and Circulatory Failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Summary

Key Learning Points

  1. 1. Left ventricular failure leads to pulmonary oedema and can occur with preserved contractility.

  2. 2. Right ventricular failure increases systemic venous pressures, causing hepatic and renal congestion.

  3. 3. Acute coronary syndrome warrants immediate percutaneous coronary intervention.

  4. 4. Supportive therapies are primarily oxygen and diuretics, with nitrates and inotropes reserved for decompensated patients.

  5. 5. Several mechanical support options exist, requiring referral to specialist cardiac centres.

Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
, pp. 93 - 95
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Arrigo, M, Parissis, J, Akiyama, E, Mebazaa, A. Understanding acute heart failure: pathophysiology and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2016;18(Suppl G):G1118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2014. Acute heart failure: diagnosis and management. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg187Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2014. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute heart failure in adults. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg482Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2017. CentriMag for heart failure. www.nice.org.uk/advice/mib92Google Scholar
Yancy, C, Jessup, M, Bozkurt, B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2013;128:e240327.Google Scholar

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