Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T19:37:20.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Future Forests: Avian Implications and Research Priorities

from Part III - Conservation and Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2018

By
Grzegorz Mikusiński ,
Jean-Michel Roberge  and
Robert J. Fuller
Edited by
Grzegorz Mikusiński ,
Jean-Michel Roberge  and
Robert J. Fuller
Grzegorz Mikusiński
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Jean-Michel Roberge
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Robert J. Fuller
Affiliation:
British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds , pp. 508 - 536
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawal, A., Chhatre, A. & Hardin, R. (2008) Changing governance of the world’s forests. Science, 320, 1460–1462.Google Scholar
Alberti, M., Asbjornsen, H., Baker, L.A. et al. (2011) Research on coupled human and natural systems (CHANS): Approach, challenges, and strategies. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 92, 218–228.Google Scholar
Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H. et al. (2010) A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 660–684.Google Scholar
Alvey, A.A. (2006) Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 5, 195–201.Google Scholar
Angelstam, P., Andersson, K., Axelsson, R., Elbakidze, M., Jonsson, B.G. & Roberge, J.-M. (2011) Protecting forest areas for biodiversity in Sweden 1991–2010: The policy implementation process and outcomes on the ground. Silva Fennica, 45, 1111–1133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, G., Pillatt, T. & Williamson, T. (2016) Rural tree populations in England: Historic character and future planting policy. British Wildlife, 27, 392–401.Google Scholar
Bedia, J., Herrera, S., Camia, A., Moreno, J.M. & Gutierrez, J.M. (2014) Forest fire danger projections in the Mediterranean using ENSEMBLES regional climate change scenarios. Climatic Change, 122, 185–199.Google Scholar
Berg, M.P., Kiers, T.E., Driessen, G. et al. (2010) Adapt or disperse: Understanding species persistence in a changing world. Global Change Biology, 16, 587–598.Google Scholar
Both, C., Bouwhuis, S., Lessells, C.M. & Visser, M.E. (2006) Climate change and population declines in a long-distance migratory bird. Nature, 441, 81–83.Google Scholar
Braunisch, V., Coppes, J., Arlettaz, R., Suchant, R., Zellweger, F. & Bollmann, K. (2014) Temperate mountain forest biodiversity under climate change: Compensating negative effects by increasing structural complexity. PLoS ONE, 9 (5): e97718.Google Scholar
Brockerhoff, E.G., Jactel, H., Parrotta, J.A., Quine, C.P. & Sayer, J. (2008) Plantation forests and biodiversity: Oxymoron or opportunity? Biodiversity and Conservation, 17, 925–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G. et al. (2002) Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology, 16, 909–923.Google Scholar
Carnus, J.-M., Parrotta, J., Brockerhoff, E. et al. (2006) Planted forests and biodiversity. Journal of Forestry, 104, 65–77.Google Scholar
Carrascal, L.M., Galvan, I., Sanchez-Oliver, J.S. & Rey Benayas, J.M. (2014) Regional distribution patterns predict bird occurrence in Mediterranean cropland afforestations. Ecological Research, 29, 203–211.Google Scholar
Chace, J.F. & Walsh, J.J. (2006) Urban effects on native avifauna: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 74, 46–69.Google Scholar
Chazdon, R.L. (2008) Beyond deforestation: Restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, 320, 1458–1460.Google Scholar
Cheaib, A., Badeau, V., Boe, J. et al. (2012) Climate change impacts on tree ranges: Model intercomparison facilitates understanding and quantification of uncertainty. Ecology Letters, 15, 533–544.Google Scholar
Chollet, S. & Martin, J.-L. (2013) Declining woodland birds in North America: Should we blame Bambi? Diversity and Distributions, 19, 481–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clergeau, P., Jokimäki, J. & Savard, J.-P.L. (2001) Are urban bird communities influenced by the bird diversity of adjacent landscapes? Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, 1122–1134.Google Scholar
Danielsen, F., Beukema, H., Burgess, N. et al. (2009) Biofuel plantations on forested lands: Double jeopardy for biodiversity and climate. Conservation Biology, 23, 348–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demarais, S., Verschuyl, J.P., Roloff, G.J., Miller, D.A. & Wigley, T.B. (2017) Tamm review: Terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity and intensive forest management in the U.S. Forest Ecology and Management, 385, 308–330.Google Scholar
Devictor, V., Julliard, R., Couvet, D. & Jiguet, F. (2008) Birds are tracking climate warming, but not fast enough. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, 2743–2748.Google Scholar
Dukes, J.S., Pontius, J., Orwig, D. et al. (2009) Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict? Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39, 231–248.Google Scholar
Eichhorn, M.P., Ryding, J., Smith, M.J., Gill, R.M.A., Siriwardena, G.M. & Fuller, R.J. (2017) Effects of deer on woodland structure revealed through terrestrial laser scanning. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54, 1615–1626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmqvist, T., Colding, J., Barthel, S. et al. (2004) The dynamics of social-ecological systems in urban landscapes: Stockholm and the National Urban Park, Sweden. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1023, 308–322.Google Scholar
Evans, K.L., Newson, S.E. & Gaston, K.J. (2009) Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages. Ibis, 151, 19–39.Google Scholar
FAO (2015) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Rome: UN Food and Agriculture Organization.Google Scholar
Felton, A., Gustafsson, L., Roberge, J.-M. et al. (2016b) How climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies can threaten or enhance the biodiversity of production forests: Insights from Sweden. Biological Conservation, 194, 11–20.Google Scholar
Felton, A., Nilsson, U., Sonesson, J. et al. (2016a) Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands: Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden. Ambio, 45 (Suppl. 2), 124–139.Google Scholar
Fernández-Juricic, E. (2004) Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain): Implications for local and regional bird conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 17–32.Google Scholar
Fischer, A., Marshall, P. & Camp, A. (2013) Disturbances in deciduous temperate forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere: Their effects on both recent and future forest development. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22, 1863–1893.Google Scholar
Fontana, S., Sattler, T., Bontadina, F. & Moretti, M. (2011) How to manage the urban green to improve bird diversity and community structure. Landscape and Urban Planning, 101, 278–285.Google Scholar
Fuller, R.A., Irvine, K.N., Devine-Wright, P., Warren, P.H. & Gaston, K.J. (2007b) Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity. Biology Letters, 3, 390–394.Google Scholar
Fuller, R.J. (2013) Searching for biodiversity gains through woodfuel and forest management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 1295–1300.Google Scholar
Fuller, R.J., Smith, K.W., Grice, P.V., Currie, F.A. & Quine, C.P. (2007a) Habitat change and woodland birds in Britain: Implications for management and future research. Ibis, 149 (Suppl. 2), 261–268.Google Scholar
Gauthier, S., Bernier, P., Kuuluvainen, T., Shvidenko, A.Z. & Schepaschenko, D.G. (2015) Boreal forest health and global change. Science, 349, 819–822.Google Scholar
Gómez-Aparicio, L., García-Valdés, R., Ruíz-Benito, P. & Zavala, M.A. (2011) Disentangling the relative importance of climate, size and competition on tree growth in Iberian forests: Implications for forest management under global change. Global Change Biology, 17, 2400–2414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottschalk, T.K. & Reiners, T.E. (2015) Forest conversion can help to mitigate impacts of climate change on common forest birds. Annals of Forest Science, 72, 335–348.Google Scholar
Graham, C.T., Wilson, M.W., Gittings, T. et al. (2017) Implications of afforestation for bird communities: The importance of preceding land-use type. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26, 3051–3071.Google Scholar
Grodsky, S.M., Moorman, C.E., Fritts, S.R. et al. (2016b) Winter bird use of harvest residues in clearcuts and the implications of forest bioenergy harvest in the southeastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 379, 91–101.Google Scholar
Grodsky, S.M., Moorman, C.E., Fritts, S.R., Castleberry, S.B. & Wigley, T.B. (2016a) Breeding, early-successional bird response to forest harvests for bioenergy. PLoS ONE, 11, e0165070.Google Scholar
Haché, S., Cameron, R., Villard, M.-A., Bayne, E.M. & MacLean, D.A. (2016) Demographic response of a neotropical migrant songbird to forest management and climate change scenarios. Forest Ecology and Management, 359, 309–320.Google Scholar
Hamann, A. & Aitken, S.N. (2013) Conservation planning under climate change: Accounting for adaptive potential and migration capacity in species distribution models. Diversity and Distributions, 19, 268–280.Google Scholar
Hamann, A. & Wang, T. (2006) Potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species distribution in British Columbia. Ecology, 87, 2773–2786.Google Scholar
Hansen, M.C., Potapov, P.V., Moore, R. et al. (2013) High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science, 342, 850–853.Google Scholar
Hartel, T., Hanspach, J., Abson, D.J., Mathe, O., Moga, C.I. & Fischer, J. (2014) Bird communities in traditional wood-pastures with changing management in Eastern Europe. Basic and Applied Ecology, 15, 385–395.Google Scholar
Hartley, M.J. (2002) Rationale and methods for conserving biodiversity in plantation forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 155, 81–95.Google Scholar
Hedblom, M., Knez, I., Ode Sang, Å. & Gunnarsson, B. (2017) Evaluation of natural sounds in urban greenery: Potential impact for urban nature preservation. Royal Society Open Science, 4, Article no. 170037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hedblom, M. & Söderström, B. (2010) Landscape effects on birds in urban woodlands: An analysis of 34 Swedish cities. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 1302–1316.Google Scholar
Heller, N.E. & Zavaleta, E.S. (2009) Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations. Biological Conservation, 142, 14–32.Google Scholar
Heyman, E., Gunnarsson, B., Stenseke, M., Henningsson, S. & Tim, G. (2011) Openness as a key-variable for analysis of management trade-offs in urban woodlands. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 10, 281–293.Google Scholar
Heywood, V.H. & Watson, R.T. (1995) Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, R.T. (2007) Understanding population change in migratory songbirds: Long-term and experimental studies of Neotropical migrants in breeding and wintering areas. Ibis, 149 (Suppl. 2), 2–13.Google Scholar
Holt, C.A., Fuller, R.J. & Dolman, P.M. (2013a) Deer reduce habitat quality for a woodland songbird: Evidence from settlement patterns, demographic parameters, and body condition. Auk, 130, 13–20.Google Scholar
Holt, C.A., Fuller, R.J. & Dolman, P.M. (2013b) Exclusion of deer affects responses of birds to woodland regeneration in winter and summer. Ibis, 156, 116–131.Google Scholar
Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V. et al. (2012) An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environmental Research Letters, 7, Article no. 044009.Google Scholar
Kalies, E.L., Chambers, C.L. & Covington, W.W. (2010) Wildlife responses to thinning and burning treatments in southwestern conifer forests: A meta-analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 333–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keast, A. (1990) Biogeography and Ecology of Forest Bird Communities. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Keenan, R.J., Reams, G.A., Achard, F., de Freitas, J., Grainger, A. & Lindquist, E. (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: Results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecology and Management, 352, 9–20.Google Scholar
Koh, L.P. & Ghazoul, J. (2008) Biofuels, biodiversity, and people: Understanding the conflicts and finding opportunities. Biological Conservation, 141, 2450–2460.Google Scholar
Krosby, M., Tewksbury, J., Haddad, N.M. & Hoekstra, J. (2010) Ecological connectivity for a changing climate. Conservation Biology, 24, 1686–1689.Google Scholar
La Porta, N., Capretti, P., Thomsen, I.M., Kasanen, R., Hietala, A.M. & Von Weissenberg, K. (2008) Forest pathogens with higher damage potential due to climate change in Europe. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 30, 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazdinis, M., Roberge, J.-M., Kurlavičius, P., Mozgeris, G. & Angelstam, P. (2005) Afforestation planning and biodiversity conservation: Predicting effects on habitat functionality in Lithuania. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48, 331–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeBrun, J.J., Schneiderman, J.E., Thompson, F.R. et al. (2017) Bird response to future climate and forest management focused on mitigating climate change. Landscape Ecology, 32, 1433–1446.Google Scholar
Leech, D.I. & Crick, H.Q.P. (2007) Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions. Ibis, 149 (Suppl. 2), 128–145.Google Scholar
Lemoine, N. & Böhning-Gaese, K. (2003) Potential impact of global climate change on species richness of long-distance migrants. Conservation Biology, 17, 577–586.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D.B., Franklin, J.F. & Fischer, J. (2006) General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation, 131, 433–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lõhmus, K. & Liira, J. (2013) Old rural parks support higher biodiversity than forest remnants. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luck, G.W., Davidson, P., Boxall, D. & Smallbone, L. (2011) Relations between urban bird and plant communities and human well-being and connection to nature. Conservation Biology, 25, 816–826.Google Scholar
Maklakov, A.A., Immler, S., Gonzalez-Voyer, A., Ronn, J. & Kolm, N. (2011) Brains and the city: Big-brained passerine birds succeed in urban environments. Biology Letters, 7, 730–732.Google Scholar
Manning, A.D., Fischer, J. & Lindenmayer, D.B. (2006) Scattered trees are keystone structures: Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 132, 311–321.Google Scholar
Martin, J.-L., Drapeau, P., Fahrig, L. et al. (2012) Birds in cultural landscapes: Actual and perceived differences between northeastern North America and western Europe. In Birds and Habitat: Relationships in Changing Landscapes. Fuller, R.J. (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 481–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzluff, J.M., Clucas, B., Oleyar, M.D. & DeLap, J. (2016) The causal response of avian communities to suburban development: A quasi-experimental, longitudinal study. Urban Ecosystems, 19, 1597–1621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, S.N., Iverson, L.R., Prasad, A.M. & Peters, M.P. (2011) Changes in potential habitat of 147 North American breeding bird species in response to redistribution of trees and climate following predicted climate change. Ecography, 34, 933–945.Google Scholar
McKinney, M.L. (2006) Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biological Conservation, 127, 247–260.Google Scholar
Melles, S., Glenn, S. & Martin, K. (2003) Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity: Species-environment associations along a multiscale habitat gradient. Ecology and Society, 7 (1), 5.Google Scholar
Mikusiński, G. (1997) Winter foraging of the black woodpecker Dryocopus martius in managed forest in south-central Sweden. Ornis Fennica, 74, 161–166.Google Scholar
Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L. & Stephens, S.L. (2007) Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications, 17, 2145–2151.Google Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Minor, E. & Urban, D. (2010) Forest bird communities across a gradient of urban development. Urban Ecosystems, 13, 51–71.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M.S., Reynolds-Hogland, M.J., Smith, M.L. et al. (2008) Projected long-term response of Southeastern birds to forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 1884–1896.Google Scholar
Mönkkönen, M., Juutinen, A., Mazziotta, A. et al. (2014) Spatially dynamic forest management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns. Journal of Environmental Management, 134, 80–89.Google Scholar
Mörtberg, U. & Wallentinus, H.-G. (2000) Red-listed forest bird species in an urban environment – Assessment of green space corridors. Landscape and Urban Planning, 50, 215–226.Google Scholar
Newson, S.E., Johnston, A., Renwick, A.R., Baillie, S.R. & Fuller, R.J. (2012) Modelling large-scale relationships between changes in woodland deer and bird populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, 278–286.Google Scholar
Nixon, K., Silbernagel, J., Price, J., Miller, N. & Swaty, R. (2014) Habitat availability for multiple avian species under modeled alternative conservation scenarios in the Two Hearted River watershed in Michigan, USA. Journal for Nature Conservation, 22, 302–317.Google Scholar
Noss, R.F. (2001) Beyond Kyoto: Forest management in a time of rapid climate change. Conservation Biology, 15, 578–590.Google Scholar
Ockendon, N., Hewson, C.M., Johnston, A. & Atkinson, P.W. (2012) Declines in British-breeding populations of Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds are linked to bioclimatic wintering zone in Africa, possibly via constraints on arrival time advancement. Bird Study, 59, 111–125.Google Scholar
Paillet, Y., Bergès, L., Hjältén, J. et al. (2010) Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: Meta-analysis of species richness in Europe. Conservation Biology, 24, 101–112.Google Scholar
Pautasso, M. (2013) Phytophthora ramorum – A pathogen linking network epidemiology, landscape pathology and conservation biogeography. CAB Reviews, 8, no. 024.Google Scholar
Pautasso, M., Aas, G., Queloz, V. & Holdenrieder, O. (2013) European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback – A conservation biology challenge. Biological Conservation, 158, 37–49.Google Scholar
Pearce-Higgins, J.W. & Green, R.E. (2014) Birds and Climate Change: Impacts and Conservation Responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pereira, H.M., Leadley, P.W., Proença, V. et al. (2010) Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science, 330, 1496–1501.Google Scholar
Plieninger, T. (2012) Monitoring directions and rates of change in trees outside forests through multitemporal analysis of map sequences. Applied Geography, 32, 566–576.Google Scholar
Potapov, P., Yaroshenko, A., Turubanova, S. et al. (2008) Mapping the world’s intact forest landscapes by remote sensing. Ecology and Society, 13, Article no. 51.Google Scholar
Preiss, E., Martin, J.-L. & Debussche, M. (1997) Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna. Landscape Ecology, 12, 51–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ram, D., Axelsson, A.-L., Green, M., Smith, H.G. & Lindström, Å. (2017) What drives current population trends in forest birds – Forest quantity, quality or climate? A large-scale analysis from northern Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 385, 177–188.Google Scholar
Ramsfield, T.D., Bentz, B.J., Faccoli, M., Jactel, H. & Brockerhoff, E.G. (2016) Forest health in a changing world: Effects of globalization and climate change on forest insect and pathogen impacts. Forestry, 89, 245–252.Google Scholar
Roberge, J.-M., Lämås, T., Lundmark, T., Ranius, T., Felton, A. & Nordin, A. (2015) Relative contributions of set-asides and tree retention to the long-term availability of key forest biodiversity structures at the landscape scale. Journal of Environmental Management, 154, 284–292.Google Scholar
Roberge, J-M., Laudon, H., Björkman, C. et al. (2016) Socio-ecological implications of modifying rotation lengths in forestry. Ambio, 45 (Suppl. 2), 109–123.Google Scholar
Rodewald, A.D. & Shustack, D.P. (2008) Urban flight: Understanding individual and population-level responses of Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds to urbanization. Journal of Animal Ecology, 77, 83–91.Google Scholar
Rolstad, J., Majewski, P. & Rolstad, E. (1998) Black woodpecker use of habitats and feeding substrates in a managed Scandinavian forest. Journal of Wildlife Management, 62, 11–23.Google Scholar
Root, T. 1988. Environmental factors associated with avian distributional boundaries. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 489–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudel, T.K., Coomes, O.T., Moran, E. et al. (2005) Forest transitions: Towards a global understanding of land use change. Global Environmental Change, 15, 23–31.Google Scholar
Rutz, C. (2008) The establishment of an urban bird population. Journal of Animal Ecology, 77, 1008–1019.Google Scholar
Sandström, U.G., Angelstam, P. & Mikusiński, G. (2006) Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space. Landscape and Urban Planning, 77, 39–53.Google Scholar
Santos, T., Telleria, J.L., Diaz, M. & Carbonell, R. (2006) Evaluating the benefits of CAP reforms: Can afforestations restore bird diversity in Mediterranean Spain? Basic and Applied Ecology, 7, 483–495.Google Scholar
Sanz, A.S.R., Fernandez, C., Mouillot, F., Ferrat, L., Istria, D. & Pasqualini, V. (2013) Long-term forest dynamics and land-use abandonment in the Mediterranean Mountains, Corsica, France. Ecology and Society, 18 (2), Article no. 38.Google Scholar
Schneider, S.H. (1992) Global climate change: Ecosystems effects. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 17, 142–148.Google Scholar
Sekercioglu, C.H., Schneider, S.H., Fay, J.P. & Loarie, S.R. (2008) Climate change, elevational range shifts, and bird extinctions. Conservation Biology, 22, 140–150.Google Scholar
Simonsson, P., Gustafsson, L. & Ostlund, L. (2015) Retention forestry in Sweden: Driving forces, debate and implementation 1968–2003. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 30, 154–173.Google Scholar
Sloan, S. & Sayer, J.A. (2015) Forest Resources Assessment of 2015 shows positive global trends but forest loss and degradation persist in poor tropical countries. Forest Ecology and Management, 352, 134–145.Google Scholar
Smeets, E.M.W. & Faaij, A.P.C. (2007) Bioenergy potentials from forestry in 2050: An assessment of the drivers that determine the potentials. Climatic Change, 81, 353–390.Google Scholar
Stocks, B.J., Fosberg, M.A., Lynham, T.J. et al. (1998) Climate change and forest fire potential in Russian and Canadian boreal forests. Climatic Change, 38, 1–13.Google Scholar
Tang, L., Shao, G., Piao, Z. et al. (2010) Forest degradation deepens around and within protected areas in East Asia. Biological Conservation, 143, 1295–1298.Google Scholar
Tarr, N.M., Rubino, M.J., Costanza, J.K., McKerrow, A.J., Collazo, J.A. & Abt, R.C. (2017) Projected gains and losses of wildlife habitat from bioenergy-induced landscape change. GCB Bioenergy, 9, 909–923.Google Scholar
Toyoshima, Y., Yamaura, Y., Mitsuda, Y., Yabuhara, Y. & Nakamura, F. (2013) Reconciling wood production with bird conservation: A regional analysis using bird distribution models and forestry scenarios in Tokachi district, northern Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 307, 54–62.Google Scholar
Tracewski, L., Butchart, S.H.M., Donald, P.F., Evans, M., Fishpool, L.D.C. & Buchanan, G.M. (2016) Patterns of twenty-first century forest loss across a global network of important sites for biodiversity. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 2 (1), 37–44.Google Scholar
Trumbore, S., Brando, P. & Hartmann, H. (2015) Forest health and global change. Science, 349, 814–818.Google Scholar
Twedt, D.J., Uihlein, W.B. III & Blaine, E.A. (2006) A spatially explicit decision support model for restoration of forest bird habitat. Conservation Biology, 20, 100–110.Google Scholar
UPPF (2017) United Nations Population Fund. www.unfpa.org/urbanization.Google Scholar
Versluijs, M., Eggers, S., Hjältén, J., Löfroth, T. & Roberge, J.-M. (2017) Ecological restoration in boreal forest modifies the structure of bird assemblages. Forest Ecology and Management, 401, 75–88.Google Scholar
Virkkala, R., Heikkinen, R.K., Leikola, N. & Luoto, M. (2008) Projected large-scale range reductions of northern-boreal land bird species due to climate change. Biological Conservation, 141, 1343–1353.Google Scholar
Visser, M.E. (2008) Keeping up with a warming world: Assessing the rate of adaptation to climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, 649–659.Google Scholar
Walmsley, J.D. & Godbold, D.L. (2010) Stump harvesting for bioenergy: A review of the environmental impacts. Forestry, 83, 17–38.Google Scholar
Weih, M. (2004) Intensive short rotation forestry in boreal climates: Present and future perspectives. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34, 1369–1378.Google Scholar
Wenhua, L. (2004) Degradation and restoration of forest ecosystems in China. Forest Ecology and Management, 201, 33–41.Google Scholar
Williams, J.W. & Jackson, S.T. (2007) Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 475–482.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.W., Gittings, T., Pithon, J., Kelly, T.C., Irwin, S. & O’Halloran, J. (2012) Bird diversity of afforestation habitats in Ireland: Current trends and likely impacts. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 112B, 55–68.Google Scholar
Wotton, B.M., Nock, C.A. & Flannigan, M.D. (2010) Forest fire occurrence and climate change in Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, 253–271.Google Scholar
Zhu, K., Woodall, C.W. & Clark, J.S. (2012) Failure to migrate: Lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change. Global Change Biology, 18, 1042–1052.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×