A significant minority of Christians decided to stay in Algeria after independence. Although they were few in number, their decision to stay represented a concerted attempt to both “decolonize the Church” and carve out a place for Christianity in postcolonial Algerian society. These actions also had global consequences. Major figures like Mgr Duval and French Catholic theologians who shaped the worker-priest movement in France and Algeria played central roles in Vatican II, the groundbreaking series of reforms developing within the Catholic Church in the 1960s. At the same time, the Protestant World Council of Churches used Algeria as a case to illustrate the necessity of rethinking Christian missionary and development work in the postcolonial Third World. The theological and social engagement of Christians in Algeria also served as an important bridge between Social Christianity and Liberation theology in Latin America, which emerged in the decade following the Algerian War.