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Section 3 - The Needle EMG Examination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2018

Mark A. Ferrante
Mark A. Ferrante
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee
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Comprehensive Electromyography
With Clinical Correlations and Case Studies
 , pp. 159 - 210
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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References

References

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Sherrington, CS. Some functional problems attaching to convergence. Proc Roy Soc B 1929;105:332–362.Google Scholar
Sinderman, F, Conrad, B, Jacobi, HM, Prochazka, VJ. Unusual properties of repetitive fasciculations. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1973;35:173–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stalberg, E. Macro EMG. Muscle Nerve 1983;6:619–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, E. Macro electromyography, an update. Muscle Nerve 2011;44:292–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, E. Use of single fiber EMG and macro EMG in study of reinnervation. Muscle Nerve 1990;13:804–813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, EV, Sanders, DB. Jitter recordings with concentric needle electrodes. Muscle Nerve 2009;40:331–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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References

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References

Adrian, ED, Bronk, DW. The discharges of impulses in motor nerve fibres. Part II. The frequency of discharge in reflex and voluntary contractions. J Physiol 1929;67:119–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blight, AR, Precht, W. “Spontaneous” quantal release of transmitter absent in vivo. Abst Soc Neurol Soc 1980;6:601.Google Scholar
Brandstater, ME, Lambert, EH. Motor unit anatomy. Type and spatial arrangement of muscle fibers. In Desmedt, JE, editor, New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. Vol 1, new concepts of the motor unit, neuromuscular disorders, electromyographic kinesiology. Basel: Karger, 1973:14–22.Google Scholar
Brooke, MH, Kaiser, KK. Muscle fiber types: how many and what kind? Arch Neurol 1970;23:369–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, WF. The physiological and technical basis of electromyography. Boston: Butterworth Publishers, 1984.Google Scholar
Buchthal, F. Diagnostic significance of the myopathic EMG. In Rowland, LP, editor, Pathogenesis of human muscular dystrophies. Proceedings of the Fifth International Scientific Conference of the Muscular Dystrophy Association, Durango, Colorado. Amsterdam and Oxford: Excerpta Medica, 1977:205–218.Google Scholar
Buchthal, F, Guld, C, Rosenfalck, P. Multielectrode study of the territory of a motor unit. Acta Physiol Scand 1957;39:83–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekstedt, J, Stalberg, E. Single fiber EMG (methods and normal results). Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1971;30:258–259.Google ScholarPubMed
Ertas, M, Baslo, MB, Yildiz, N, Yazici, J, Oge, AE. Concentric needle electrode for neuromuscular jitter analysis. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:715–719.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ertas, M, Stalberg, E, Falck, B. Can the size principle be detected in conventional EMG recordings? Muscle Nerve 1995;18:435–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, JM. Single fiber EMG reference values: a collaborative effort. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:151–161.Google Scholar
Gordon, T, Thomas, CK, Munson, JB, Stein, RB. The resilience of the size principle in the organization of motor unit properties in normal and reinnervated adult skeletal muscles. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004;82:645–661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henneman, E, Somjen, G, Carpenter, DO. Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 1965;28:560–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jasper, H, Ballem, G. Unipolar electromyogram of normal and denervated human muscle. J Neurophysiol 1949;12:231–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, EW. The EMG examination. In Johnson, EW, editor, Practical electromyography, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988:19–20.Google Scholar
King, JC, Dumitru, D, Nandedkar, S. Concentric and single fiber electrode spatial recording characteristics. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1525–1533.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, JC, Dumitru, D, Stegeman, D. Monopolar needle electrode spatial recording characteristics. Muscle Nerve 1996;19:1310–1319.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, EH. Defects of neuromuscular transmission in syndromes other than myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966;135:367–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsley, DB. Electrical activity of human motor units during voluntary contraction. Am J Physiol 1935;114:90–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machado, FCN, Kouyoumdjian, JA, Marchiori, PE. Diagnostic accuracy of concentric needle jitter in myasthenia: prospective study. Muscle Nerve 2017;55:190–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marinacci, AA. Clinical electromyography. Los Angeles: San Lucas Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Nandedkar, SD, Sander, DB, Stalberg, EV. Selectivity of electromyographic recording techniques: a simulation study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1985;23:536–538.Google ScholarPubMed
Nandedkar, SD, Sigl, JC, Yi, K, Stalber, E. The radial decline of the extracellular action potential. Med Biol Eng Comput 1984;22:564–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, A, Gosk, M, Pitt, M. The effect of different low-frequency filters on concentric needle jitter in stimulated orbicularis oculi. Muscle Nerve 2016;54:317–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenfalck, P. Intra- and extracellular potential fields of active nerve and muscle fibres. Acta Physiol Scand 1969;75(suppl 321):1–168.Google Scholar
Sherrington, CS. Some functional problems attaching to convergence. Proc Roy Soc B 1929;105:332–362.Google Scholar
Sinderman, F, Conrad, B, Jacobi, HM, Prochazka, VJ. Unusual properties of repetitive fasciculations. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1973;35:173–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stalberg, E. Macro EMG, a new recording technique. J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry 1980;43:475–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, E. Macro EMG. Muscle Nerve 1983;6:619–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, E. Use of single fiber EMG and macro EMG in study of reinnervation. Muscle Nerve 1990;13:804–813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalberg, E. Macro electromyography, an update. Muscle Nerve 2011;44:292–302.Google Scholar
Stalberg, EV, Sanders, DB. Jitter recordings with concentric needle electrodes. Muscle Nerve 2009;40:331–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, RB. Peripheral control of movement. Physiol Rev 1974;54:215–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swash, M, Schwartz, MS. Neuromuscular diseases. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981.Google Scholar
Thage, O. The myotomes L2 through S2 in man. Acta Neurol Scand 1965(suppl 13):241–243.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilbourn, AJ, Ferrante, MA. Clinical electromyography. In Joynt, RJ, Griggs, RC, editors, Clinical neurology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998:1–76.Google Scholar

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