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6 - “You’ve got to decide how you want history to remember you”: The legacy of Lyndon B. Johnson in film and Television

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2021

Michael Patrick Cullinane
Affiliation:
Roehampton University, London
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Summary

Towards the end of the 2013 film The Butler, Cecil Gaines (Forest Whitaker), the eponymous African American servant who waited on every president of the United States from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Ronald Reagan, prepares in his retirement to meet Barack Obama, the first black person to occupy the office. Perhaps sensing the moment is steeped in historical significance, Cecil decides to adorn his attire with mementos given to him by the former bosses that set the United States on the path towards this momentous event. He irons the tie that once belonged to President John F. Kennedy, given to him by Jacqueline Kennedy on the death of her husband. Cecil gives the tie great care and attention, the camera in medium close-up watches him running the iron slowly across it, treating it less as a tie and more as an important historical artifact. Once completed, he holds the tie in his hands, gazing upon it with the awe and reverence it demands. In this moment, the film appears to suggest Obama's victory occurred as a consequence of Kennedy's legacy on civil rights. In this, The Butler conforms to other films about the civil rights movement: while many historians view Kennedy's record on civil rights as a timid, incremental, and largely placatory one driven by political necessity rather than moral imperative, in film and television he is viewed as a martyr to the cause. His successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, who achieved far more tangible progress in this area (dragging Kennedy's Civil Rights bill through the Congressional committee stage to pass it in 1964 and subsequently delivering on his promise of voting rights reform a year later) is barely given credit in popular culture. At the moment when Cecil is ironing the tie, it seems The Butler will repeat the pattern of celebrating Kennedy at the expense of Johnson, but then Cecil reaches for the tie-clip given to him by LBJ (“LBJ for the USA”). He carries it with care and respect, gazing solemnly into the mirror before the camera tilts down to show him appending the clip to the tie.

Type
Chapter
Information
Constructing Presidential Legacy
How we Remember the American President
, pp. 133 - 157
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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