The role of the coroner has evolved since the office was formally established in 1194, from being a form of medieval tax gatherer to an independent judicial office holder charged with the investigation of sudden, violent or unnatural death. A coroner in England and Wales is appointed, but not employed, by the local authority and now has to have had a minimum of five years’ legal experience. In Ireland, a barrister, solicitor or registered medical practitioner who has practised as such for not less than five years is eligible for appointment.