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1 - Spaces of Refusal: Rethinking Sovereign Power and Resistance at the Border

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2020

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Summary

Abstract

This chapter investigates the local actions that transgress, subvert, and ignore the imposition of sovereign authority at the borders of sovereign states. Drawing on interviews with borderland residents, it analyses how people interact with, talk about, and cross the border in their daily lives. The motives and consequences of these cross-border connections are not adequately captured by the literature on sovereign power and the state of exception, which identifies very little space for resistance, or the literature on dominance-resistance in power relations, which understands most actions as political resistance in a broad milieu of power. To reconcile these conflicting views on resistance, this chapter proposes the concept of spaces of refusal to understand a range of activities that are not overt political resistance but nevertheless refuse to abide by the binary enframing of state territorial and identity categories.

Keywords: India, Bangladesh, borders, resistance, refusal, identity

Cross-Border Movement

Moushumi, a servant in a wealthy Bangladeshi family's home, set out for India in the late afternoon to visit her son. She packed a small bag with a change of clothes and two shingara – Bengali-style samosas, more rounded than angular, with a savoury potato filling. She met her ‘uncle’, the broker, outside his house and gave him 200 Bangladeshi Taka, about US$3. Six other travellers arrived as they waited for darkness to fall. She dozed on the floor and ate a shingara. A few hours later they walked to the edge of the river, hopped in a small boat, and floated for a few minutes – definitely less than ten – until the boatman pulled the boat back to the bank of the river. The travellers got out and climbed onto the waiting flatbed rickshaw for the ride into a nearby Indian village. She rested at a relative's house that night and then continued her journey to her son's house the next morning. She stayed there for about a month, cooking for her son and playing with her grandchildren, and then made the return trip to the Indian village near the border. She paid the Indian broker, this time in Rupees, waited for nightfall, and got back in the same boat. The return trip took slightly longer because it was against the current, but she was back at the broker's house in Bangladesh by midnight.

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Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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