British consumer goods, as Balzac's César Birotteau demonstrates, achieved significant market penetration in continental Europe in the early nineteenth century. Unsurprisingly they also did so in the Anglophone United States of America. Whatever antipathies might have historically existed between the two countries and whatever mutual suspicion might remain, the former colony, in the decades after independence, retained many of its close cultural and commercial links with the old country. In economic terms British products, blacking, hair oils and razor strops among them, were highly successful in the youthful Republic. Looking back in 1857 at the first decade of the nineteenth century, the American Historical Magazine noted that the most notable British product of the day, Warren's Matchless, was one of the three most famous brands in the East Coast in the period, a time when ‘Warren's Blacking and Huggins, the New York Barber, and Pease's Hoarhound Candy were famous throughout Christendom’. Simultaneously, British satire, like many of the key literary brands of the late Georgian age, achieved a significant market share in American publishing, though, given the frequently piratical nature of that business, not always to the pecuniary advantage of the author.