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21 - Land Use Planning, Environmental Management, and the Garden City as an Urban Development Approach in Singapore

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2009

Lin Heng Lye
Affiliation:
Associate Professor and Deputy Director Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore; Visiting Associate Professor Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, USA
Nathalie J. Chalifour
Affiliation:
University of Ottawa
Patricia Kameri-Mbote
Affiliation:
University of Nairobi
Lin Heng Lye
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
John R. Nolon
Affiliation:
Pace University, New York
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The tiny city-state of Singapore is one of the most densely populated in the world, with a population of 4.2 million in 2003, occupying a land area of 697.1 square kilometers (a population density of 6,004 per square kilometer). It is also one of the most remarkable success stories in the annals of developing nations, moving from a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of U.S. $512 in 1965, when it left Malaysia to become a republic, to a per capita GDP of U.S. $21,825 in 2003. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to state that its leaders, particularly its dynamic first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, have taken the city “From Third World to First” – in the space of a few decades.

Ranked the world's second most competitive state in the 2004 International Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitiveness Index, Singapore has a strong industrial base for electronics and precision engineering, chemicals and petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biosciences. It has the world's busiest port since 1986. It is also the world's top bunkering port and third largest oil refining center, the location of four major oil companies (Shell, Caltex, BP, and ExxonMobil) as well as others. These companies have a combined refining capacity of over 1 million barrels a day.

Singapore has excellent transportation networks, with an efficient Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system complemented by a Light Rail System (LRT), as well as an excellent network of roads and expressways.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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