This chapter discusses dispersants, surface-washing agents, and emulsion breakers and inhibitors, all of which are oil-spill-treating agents that contain surfactants. These spill-treating agents are used on oil spills for specific purposes. Dispersants are used to remove oil from a water surface, surface-washing agents to remove oil from beaches or similar surfaces and emulsion breakers are used to break or prevent the formation of water-in-oil emulsions. The major issues related to the use of these agents are effectiveness and toxicity, which are discussed for the three types of agents. On the subject of effectiveness, the results of past and present field trials and laboratory tests are reviewed and the factors influencing effectiveness are discussed. For dispersants, toxicity is discussed both in terms of the dispersed oil and of the agent itself. The use of these agents and methods of application are also reviewed.