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36 - Neoplastic disease in pediatric HIV infection

from Part IV - Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2010

By
Richard F. Little
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Introduction

One of the striking features of HIV infection is the increased incidence of malignancies. Approximately 40% of adults infected with HIV develop cancer during the course of HIV infection [1, 2]. The risk of neoplastic disease is also increased in children, but due to the low incidence of cancer in the general pediatric population, it is seen relatively infrequently in the USA and Europe. In certain parts of Africa, malignancy complications are more frequently seen in pediatric populations [3]. Three malignancies constitute AIDS-defining diagnoses in HIV-infected patients: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer. Indeed, in the early 1980s, KS in young men with a history of sexual contact with other men (MSM) was one of the features which initially alerted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the emerging epidemic. In the USA, KS remains rare except among HIV-infected MSM and their sex partners, up to 35% of whom may develop KS at some point in their disease. In contrast, KS is the most common cancer in certain parts of Africa [3]. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is greatly increased among those with HIV infection, but unlike KS, the risk of developing HIV-related NHL is equivalent among all groups at risk for acquiring HIV infection. Among HIV-infected patients up to age 19 years, NHL is increased by a factor of 360 compared with that expected in the general population [4]. Pediatric HIV-related NHL is still relatively rare, because of the very low incidence of NHL in pediatric patients.

Type
Chapter
Information
Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 536 - 548
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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