although the definitions offered here by Cockburn and Mill amount to little more than slogans, they signal an interesting divergence between the two groups who were most anxious to claim philosophical standing for their political diagnoses in the years leading up to, and immediately following, the Reform Act of 1832. Cockburn spoke for that generation of largely Scottish-educated Whigs which figured prominently in the first of these essays; while Mill spoke for a new wave, those younger followers of Bentham's Utilitarianism who took their cue from James Mill, regarded the Essay on Government as ‘a masterpiece of political wisdom’, and adopted ‘enmity to the Aristocratical principle’ in government as their motto. Rivalry, challenge, and supersession have frequently been taken to be the keynotes of the relationship between philosophic Whigs and Radicals in this period, with the narrower, harder-nosed, ‘English’ doctrines of the Utilitarians eventually emerging victorious over their more generous ‘Scottish’ counterparts.