,American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 1144 U.N.T.S. 123.

,Charter of the United Nations (1945). (Cited as U.N. Charter.)

,Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950), 213 U.N.T.S. 222. (Cited as European Convention on Human Rights.)

,Convention on the Continental Shelf (1958), 499 U.N.T.S. 311. (Cited as 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf.)

,Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), 78 U.N.T.S. 277. (Cited as Genocide Convention.)

,Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949), 75 U.N.T.S. 287. (Cited as Geneva Convention IV.)

Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, G.A. Res. 36/55 (1981). (Cited as 1981 Declaration.)

,International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1966), 660 U.N.T.S. 195.

,International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171. (Cited as ICCPR.)

,International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3. (Cited as ICESCR.)

,Proclamation of Teheran. In “Final Act of the International Conference on Human Rights, Teheran, 22 April to 13 May 1968.” U.N. Doc. A/CONF.32/41, 3–5. New York: United Nations, 1968.Google Scholar

,Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998), U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/9* (1998). (Cited as Rome Statute.)

,Statute of the International Court of Justice (1945). (Cited as I.C.J. Statute.)

,Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (1963), 480 U.N.T.S. 43. (Cited as Partial Test Ban Treaty.)

,Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), 729 U.N.T.S. 161. (Cited as Non-Proliferation Treaty.)

,United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), 1833 U.N.T.S. 3. (Cited as 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea.)

,United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, G.A. Res. 1904 (XVIII) (1963).

,United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, G.A. Res. 61/295 (2007).

,United Nations Millennium Declaration, Res, G.A.. 55/2 (2000). (Cited as Millennium Declaration.)

,United Nations World Summit Outcome Resolution, G.A. Res. 60/1 (2005). (Cited as World Summit Outcome Resolution.)

,Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A (III) (1948). (Cited as Universal Declaration.)

,Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), 1155 U.N.T.S. 331. (Cited as Vienna Convention.)

,Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.157/23 (1993). (Cited as Vienna Declaration.)

1899 Hague Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Its Annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Available at www.icrc.org. (Cited as 1899 Hague Convention II on Land Warfare.)

1907 Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Reprinted in Documents on the Laws of War, ed. Roberts, Adam and Guelff, Richard, 67–84. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. (Cited as 1907 Hague Convention IV.)

1977 Geneva Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. Reprinted in Documents on the Laws of War, ed. Roberts, Adam and Guelff, Richard, 419–79. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. (Cited as Geneva Protocol I.)

1977 Geneva Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts. Reprinted in Documents on the Laws of War, ed. Roberts, Adam and Guelff, Richard, 481–512. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. (Cited as Geneva Protocol II.)

Abi-Saab, Georges et al. The Changing Constitution of the United Nations. Edited by Fox, Hazel. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1997.Google Scholar

,Advisory Committee of Jurists. Permanent Court of International Justice. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Committee, June 16th – July 24th 1920 with Annexes. The Hague: Van Langenhuysen Bros., 1920.Google Scholar

Akehurst, Michael. “Custom as a Source of International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 47 (1974–1975): 1–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akehurst, Michael. “The Hierarchy of the Sources of International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 47 (1974–1975): 273–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alvarez, José E.International Organizations as Law-Makers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

,American Law Institute. Federal Income Tax Project: International Aspects of United States Income Taxation II: Proposals on United States Income Tax Treaties. Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1992. (Cited as American Law Institute, Proposals on U.S. Income Tax Treaties.)Google Scholar

,American Law Institute. Restatement of the Law Third: The American Law Institute: Restatement of the Law: The Foreign Relations Law of the United States. Vols. 1–2. St. Paul: American Law Institute Publishers, 1987. (Cited as Restatement (Third).)Google Scholar

Anaya, S. James. “Indigenous Peoples and Their Demands within the Modern Human Rights Movement.” In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Fifty Years and Beyond, ed. Danieli, Yael, Stamatopoulou, Elsa, and Dias, Clarence J., 149–61. Amityville, N.Y.: Baywood Publishing Co., 1999.Google Scholar

Anaya, S. James. Indigenous Peoples in International Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed. “Introduction: Competing Claims to Religious Freedom and Communal Self-Determination in Africa.” In Proselytization and Communal Self-Determination in Africa, ed. An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed, 1–28. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1999.Google Scholar

An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed. Toward an Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights, and International Law. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Anscombe, G. E. M. “On the Source of the Authority of the State.” In Authority, ed. Raz, Joseph, 142–73. New York: New YorkUniversity Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Arberry, A. J., trans. The Koran Interpreted. 2 vols. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955.

Arend, Anthony Clark. Legal Rules and International Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Avi-Yonah, Reuven S.International Tax as International Law: An Analysis of the International Tax Regime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avi-Yonah, Reuven S. “The Rise and Fall of Arm's Length: A Study in the Evolution of U.S. International Taxation.” Virginia Tax Review 15 (1995): 89–159.Google Scholar

Bahá'u'lláh, . Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh Revealed after the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Translated by Taherzadeh, Habib. Wilmette, Ill.: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1988.Google Scholar

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law. 2nd rev. ed. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.Google Scholar

Baxter, R. R. “International Law in ‘Her Infinite Variety.’” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 29 (1980): 549–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baxter, R. R.. “Multilateral Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 41 (1965–1966): 275–300.Google Scholar

Baxter, R. R.. “Treaties and Custom.” Recueil des cours 129 (1970-I): 25–105.Google Scholar

Bederman, David J.The Spirit of International Law. Athens, Ga.: The University of Georgia Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Bos, Maarten. “The Identification of Custom in International Law.” German Yearbook of International Law 25 (1982): 9–53.Google Scholar

Boyle, Alan. “Soft Law in International Law-Making.” In International Law, ed. Evans, Malcolm D., 141–58. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Boyle, Kevin. “Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Conscience, Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Belief as Internationally Protected Rights: What Is Agreed and What Is Not Agreed.” In Democracy, the Rule of Law and Islam, ed. Cotran, Eugene and Sherif, Adel Omar, 373–92. London: Kluwer Law International, 1999.Google Scholar

Bradley, Curtis A., and Goldsmith, Jack L.. “Customary International Law as Federal Common Law: A Critique of the Modern Position.” Harvard Law Review 110 (1997): 815–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brierly, James Leslie. The Basis of Obligation in International Law and Other Papers. Edited by Lauterpacht, Sir Hersch and Waldock, C. H. M.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958.Google Scholar

Brierly, James Leslie. The Law of Nations: An Introduction to the International Law of Peace. Edited by Waldock, Sir Humphrey. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.Google Scholar

Brooks, E. Bruce, and Brooks, A. Taeko, trans. The Original Analects: Sayings of Confucius and His Successors. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Brown, Chris. International Relations Theory: New Normative Approaches. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Buergenthal, Thomas. “To Respect and to Ensure: State Obligations and Permissible Derogations.” In The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ed. Henkin, Louis, 72–91. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. 3rd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Byers, Michael. Custom, Power and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Capotorti, Francesco. “L'extinction et la suspension des traités.” Recueil des cours 134 (1971-III): 417–587.Google Scholar

Carroll, Mitchell B.Taxation of Foreign and National Enterprises. Vol. 4, Methods of Allocating Taxable Income. Geneva: League of Nations, 1933. (Cited as Carroll, Methods of Allocating Taxable Income.)Google Scholar

Cassese, Antonio. International Criminal Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Cassese, Antonio. International Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Cassese, Antonio. International Law in a Divided World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Charlesworth, H. C. M. “Customary International Law and the Nicaragua Case.” Australian Yearbook of International Law 11 (1984–1987): 1–31.Google Scholar

Charlesworth, Hilary, and Chinkin, Christine. The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Charney, Jonathan I. “International Agreements and the Development of Customary International Law.” Washington Law Review 61 (1986): 971–96.Google Scholar

Charney, Jonathan I. “The Persistent Objector Rule and the Development of Customary International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 56 (1985): 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Charney, Jonathan I. “Universal International Law.” American Journal of International Law 87 (1993): 529–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Charpentier, Jean. “Tendances de L'Élaboration du Droit International Public Coutumier.” In L'Élaboration du Droit International Public, Société Française pour le Droit International, 105–31. Paris: Éditions A. Pedone, 1975.Google Scholar

Cheng, Bin. General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals. London: Stevens & Sons, 1953.Google Scholar

Cheng, Bin. “United Nations Resolutions on Outer Space: ‘Instant’ International Customary Law?” In International Law: Teaching and Practice, ed. Cheng, Bin, 237–62. London: Stevens & Sons, 1982.Google Scholar

Clapham, Andrew. Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clausing, Kimberly A., and Avi-Yonah, Reuven S.. Reforming Corporate Taxation in a Global Economy: A Proposal to Adopt Formulary Apportionment. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2007.Google Scholar

Coffill, Eric J., and Willson, Prentiss Jr. “Federal Formulary Apportionment as an Alternative to Arm's Length Pricing: From the Frying Pan to the Fire?” Tax Notes 59 (1993): 1103–17.Google Scholar

Colson, David A. “How Persistent Must the Persistent Objector Be?” Washington Law Review 61 (1986): 957–70.Google Scholar

Conze, Edward, trans. Buddhist Scriptures. London: Penguin Books, 1959.

D'Amato, Anthony A.The Concept of Custom in International Law. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.Google Scholar

D'Amato, Anthony A. “Custom and Treaty: A Response to Professor Weisburd.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 21 (1988): 459–72.Google Scholar

D'Amato, Anthony A. “Finding Custom in an Incident.” In International Law Anthology, ed. D'Amato, Anthony, 58–61. N.p.: Anderson Publishing Co., 1994.Google Scholar

D'Amato, Anthony A. “It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Jus Cogens!” Connecticut Journal of International Law 6 (1990): 1–6.Google Scholar

D'Amato, Anthony A. “Trashing Customary International Law.” American Journal of International Law 81 (1987): 101–05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

D'Amato, Anthony A. “Treaty-Based Rules of Custom.” In International Law Anthology, ed. D'Amato, Anthony, 94–101. N.p.: Anderson Publishing Co., 1994.Google Scholar

David, René. “Sources of Law.” Chapter 3 in The Legal Systems of the World: Their Comparison and Unification, ed. David, René. Vol. II. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Sibeck); The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984.Google Scholar

Hoogh, André. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996.Google Scholar

Deleau, Olivier. “Les positions françaises à la Conférence de Vienne sur le droit des traités.” Annuaire Français de Droit International 15 (1969) : 7–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Diamond, Walter H., and Diamond, Dorothy B.. International Tax Treaties of All Nations. Multiple volumes. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1978.Google Scholar

Dupuy, Pierre-Marie. Droit international public. 3rd ed. Paris: Dalloz, 1995.Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald. Law's Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Edgerton, Franklin, trans. The Bhagavad Gītā. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.

Evans, Malcolm D.Religious Liberty and International Law in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Falk, Richard, and Strauss, Andrew. “Toward Global Parliament.” Foreign Affairs 80 (January/February 2001): 212–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finnis, J. M. “Authority.” In Authority, ed. Raz, Joseph, 174–202. New York: New York University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Fitzmaurice, G. G. “The Foundations of the Authority of International Law and the Problem of Enforcement.” The Modern Law Review 19 (1956): 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fitzmaurice, G. G.. “The Law of Treaties.” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/115 (1958). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1958, vol. II, 20–46. New York: United Nations, 1958.Google Scholar

Franck, Thomas M.The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Gans, Chaim. “Mandatory Rules and Exclusionary Reasons.” Philosophia: Philosophical Quarterly of Israel 15 (1986): 373–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardam, Judith G. “Legal Restraints on Security Council Military Enforcement Action.” Michigan Journal of International Law 17 (1996): 285–322.Google Scholar

Ghanea, Nazila. Human Rights, the UN and the Bahá'ís in Iran. Oxford: George Ronald; The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002.Google Scholar

Glendon, Mary Ann. A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: Random House, 2001.Google Scholar

Glennon, Michael J.Limits of Law, Prerogatives of Power: Interventionism after Kosovo. New York: Palgrave, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldsmith, Jack L., and Posner, Eric A.. The Limits of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Goodrich, Leland M., Hambro, Edvard, and Simons, Anne Patricia. Charter of the United Nations: Commentary and Documents. 3rd rev. ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.Google Scholar

Grotius, Hugo. De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres. Vol. 2, The Translation, Book II. Translated by Kelsey, Francis W.. New York: Oceana; London: Wildy and Son, 1964.Google Scholar

Gunning, Isabelle R. “Modernizing Customary International Law: The Challenge of Human Rights.” Virginia Journal of International Law 31 (1991): 211–47.Google Scholar

Guzman, Andrew T.How International Law Works: A Rational Choice Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hannikainen, Lauri. Peremptory Norms (Jus Cogens) in International Law: Historical Development, Criteria, Present Status. Helsinki: Lakimiesliiton Kustannus, Finnish Lawyers' Publishing Co., 1988.Google Scholar

Hannum, Hurst. “The Status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in National and International Law.” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 25 (1995–1996): 287–397.Google Scholar

Hart, H. L. A. “Commands and Authoritative Legal Reasons.” In Authority, ed. Raz, Joseph, 92–114. New York: New York University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Hart, H. L. A.. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.Google Scholar

Higgins, Rosalyn. The Development of International Law Through the Political Organs of the United Nations. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.Google Scholar

Higgins, Rosalyn. Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Hudson, David M., and Turner, Daniel C.. “International and Interstate Approaches to Taxing Business Income.” Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 6 (1984): 562–614.Google Scholar

Hudson, Manley O. Working Paper. “Article 24 of the Statute of the International Law Commission.” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/16 (1950). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1950, vol. II, 24–32. New York: United Nations, 1957. (Cited as Hudson, “Article 24.”)Google Scholar

Humphrey, John P. “The International Bill of Rights: Scope and Implementation.” William and Mary Law Review 17 (1976): 527–41.Google Scholar

Humphrey, John P. “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Its History, Impact and Juridical Character.” In Human Rights: Thirty Years after the Universal Declaration: Commemorative Volume on the Occasion of the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ed. Ramcharan, B.G., 21–37. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1979.Google Scholar

,International Committee of the Red Cross. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Vol. I, Rules. Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck. With contributions by Carolin Alvermann, Knut Dörmann and Baptiste Rolle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. (Cited as ICRC, Customary International Humanitarian Law.)Google Scholar

,International Law Association. Buenos Aires Conference (1994). Committee on the Enforcement of Human Rights Law. “Final Report on the Status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in National and International Law.” (Cited as International Law Association, “Status of the Universal Declaration.”)

,International Law Association. Buenos Aires Conference. London Conference (2000). Committee on Formation of Customary (General) International Law. “Final Report of the Committee: Statement of Principles Applicable to the Formation of General Customary International Law.” (Cited as International Law Association, “Statement of Principles.”)

,International Law Commission. “Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts.” G.A. Res. 56/83 (2001), Annex, as corrected by U.N. Doc. A/56/49(Vol. I)/Corr.4. (Cited as 2001 Articles on State Responsibility.)

,International Law Commission. Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with Commentaries (2001). New York: United Nations, 2005. (Cited as International Law Commission, Commentaries.)Google Scholar

,International Law Commission. “Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law: Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission.” Finalized by Martti Koskenniemi. U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/L.682 (2006).

,International Law Commission. “Report of the Commission to the General Assembly.” U.N. Doc. A/5509 (1963). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1963, vol. II, 187–300. New York: United Nations, 1964. (Cited as International Law Commission, “1963 Report.”)Google Scholar

,International Law Commission. “Report of the International Law Commission, 59th Session (7 May–5 June and 9 July–10 August 2007).” U.N. Doc. A/62/10. New York: United Nations, 2007. (Cited as International Law Commission, “2007 Report.”)

,International Law Commission. “Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly.” U.N. Doc. A/1316 (1950). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1950, vol. II, 364–85. New York: United Nations, 1957. (Cited as International Law Commission, “1950 Report.”)Google Scholar

,International Law Commission. “Reports of the Commission to the General Assembly.” U.N. Doc. A/6309/Rev. 1 (1966). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1966, vol. II, 169–363. New York: United Nations, 1967. (Cited as International Law Commission, “1966 Report.”)Google Scholar

Iwasawa, Yuji. “The Domestic Impact of International Human Rights Standards: The Japanese Experience.” In The Future of UN Human Rights Treaty Monitoring, ed. Alston, Philip and Crawford, James, 245–68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, Francis G., and White, Robin C. A.. The European Convention on Human Rights. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Janis, Mark W.An Introduction to International Law. 4th ed. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2003.Google Scholar

Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Common Law of Mankind. London: Stevens & Sons, 1958.Google Scholar

Jennings, Sir Robert, and Watts, Sir Arthur, eds. Oppenheim's International Law. 9th ed. Vol. I, Peace: Introduction and Part 1. Essex: Longman, 1992.

Jiménez de Aréchaga, Eduardo. “International Law in the Past Third of a Century.” Recueil des cours 159 (1978-I): 1–344.Google Scholar

,Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. Legislative History of United States Tax Conventions. Vol. 4, Model Tax Conventions. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962. (Cited as Model Tax Conventions.)Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel. “Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch.” In Kant: Political Writings, ed. Reiss, Hans and trans. Nisbet, H. B., 93–130. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Kauder, Louis M. “The Unspecific Federal Tax Policy of Arm's Length: A Comment on the Continuing Vitality of Formulary Apportionment at the Federal Level.” Tax Notes 60 (1993): 1147–55.Google Scholar

Kelly, J. Patrick. “The Twilight of Customary International Law.” Virginia Journal of International Law 40 (2000): 449–543.Google Scholar

Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. Translated by Wedberg, Anders. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945.Google Scholar

Kelsen, Hans. The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1951.Google Scholar

Kelsen, Hans. Principles of International Law. 2nd ed. Revised and edited by Tucker, Robert W.. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O.After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Kirgis, Frederic L. Jr. “Custom on a Sliding Scale.” American Journal of International Law 81 (1987): 146–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kiss, Alexandre. “The Environment and Natural Resources: Commentary and Conclusions.” In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, Dinah, 223–42. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Koh, Harold Hongju. “Why Do Nations Obey International Law?” Review Essay. Yale Law Journal 106 (1997): 2599–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koskenniemi, Martti. From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument. Helsinki: Lakimiesliiton Kustannus, Finnish Lawyers' Publishing Co., 1989.Google Scholar

Koskenniemi, Martti. “Hierarchy in International Law: A Sketch.” European Journal of International Law 8 (1997): 566–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables.” In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, Stephen D., 1–21. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Krishnaswami, Arcot. Study of Discrimination in the Matter of Religious Rights and Practices. U.N. Sales. No. 60.XIV.2. New York: United Nations, 1960.Google Scholar

Kunz, Josef L. “The Nature of Customary International Law.” American Journal of International Law 47 (1953): 662–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lammers, Johan G. “General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations.” In Essays on the Development of the International Legal Order in Memory of Haro F. Van Panhuys, ed. Kalshoven, Frits, Kuyper, Pieter Jan and Lammers, Johan G., 53–75. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1980.Google Scholar

Langbein, Stanley I. “The Unitary Method and the Myth of Arm's Length.” Tax Notes 30 (1986): 625–81.Google Scholar

Lauren, Paul Gordon. The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Hersch. International Law. Vol. I, The General Works. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Hersch. International Law and Human Rights. N.p.: Archon Books, 1968.Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Hersch. “Law of Treaties.” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/63 (1953). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1953, vol. II, 90–162. New York: United Nations, 1959.Google Scholar

Lawlor, William R, ed. Cross-Border Transactions Between Related Companies: A Summary of Tax Rules. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.

,League of Nations. “Double Taxation and Tax Evasion: Report and Resolutions Submitted by the Technical Experts to the Financial Committee of the League of Nations.” League of Nations Doc. F.212 (1925). In Model Tax Conventions, 4057–105. (Cited as “1925 Report on Double Taxation.”)

,League of Nations. “Double Taxation and Tax Evasion: Report Presented by the Committee of Technical Experts on Double Taxation and Tax Evasion.” League of Nations Doc. C.216.M.85.1927.II. (1927). In Model Tax Conventions, 4111–49. (Cited as “1927 Report on Double Taxation.”)

,League of Nations. “Double Taxation and Tax Evasion: Report Presented by the General Meeting of Government Experts on Double Taxation and Tax Evasion.” League of Nations Doc. C.562.M.178.1928.II. (1928). In Model Tax Conventions, 4151–93. (Cited as “1928 Report on Double Taxation.”)

,League of Nations. Fiscal Committee. “London and Mexico Model Tax Conventions: Commentary and Text.” League of Nations Doc. C.88.M.88.1946.II.A. (1946). In Model Tax Conventions, 4319–439. (Cited as “London and Mexico Model Tax Conventions.”)

,League of Nations. Fiscal Committee. “Report on the Work of the Tenth Session of the Committee, Held in London from March 20th to 26th, 1946.” League of Nations Doc. C.37.M.37.1946.II.A. (1946). In Model Tax Conventions, 4299–317. (Cited as “1946 Committee Report.”)

,League of Nations. Fiscal Committee. “Report to the Council on the Fifth Session of the Committee, Held at Geneva from June 12th to 17th, 1935.” League of Nations Doc. C.252.M.124.1935.II.A. (1935). In Model Tax Conventions, 4249–56. (Cited as “1935 Committee Report.”)

,League of Nations. Fiscal Committee. “Report to the Council on the Fourth Session of the Committee, Held at Geneva from June 15th to 26th, 1933.” League of Nations Doc. C.399.M.204.1933.II.A. (1933). In Model Tax Conventions, 4241–47. (Cited as “1933 Committee Report.”)

,League of Nations. Fiscal Committee. “Report to the Council on the Work of the Second Session of the Committee, Held in Geneva from May 22nd to 31st, 1930.” League of Nations Doc. C.340.M.140.1930.II. (1930). In Model Tax Conventions, 4203–24. (Cited as “1930 Committee Report.”)

Lepard, Brian D.Hope for a Global Ethic: Shared Principles in Religious Scriptures. Wilmette, Ill.: Bahá'í Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar

Lepard, Brian D. “Is the United States Obligated to Drive on the Right? A Multidisciplinary Inquiry into the Normative Authority of Contemporary International Law Using the Arm's Length Standard as a Case Study.” Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 10 (2000): 43–190.Google Scholar

Lepard, Brian D.Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention: A Fresh Legal Approach Based on Fundamental Ethical Principles in International Law and World Religions. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Lewis, David K.Convention: A Philosophical Study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.Google Scholar

Li, Jinyan. “Effectiveness of the Arm's-Length Principle in the Age of E-Commerce.” Tax Notes 93 (2001): 1463–92.Google Scholar

Lillich, Richard B. “Civil Rights.” In Human Rights in International Law: Legal and Policy Issues, vol. 1, ed. Meron, Theodor, 115–70. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Lillich, Richard B. “Invoking International Human Rights Law in Domestic Courts.” Cincinnati Law Review 54 (1985): 367–415.Google Scholar

Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1960.Google Scholar

Loukota, Helmut. “Multilateral Tax Treaty Versus Bilateral Treaty Network.” In Multilateral Tax Treaties: New Developments in International Tax Law, Lang, Michael et al., 83–103. London: Kluwer Law International, 1998.Google Scholar

MacGibbon, Iain. “Customary International Law and Acquiescence.” British Yearbook of International Law 33 (1957): 115–45.Google Scholar

MacGibbon, Iain. “Means for the Identification of International Law: General Assembly Resolutions: Custom, Practice and Mistaken Identity.” In International Law: Teaching and Practice, ed. Cheng, Bin, 10–26. London: Stevens & Sons, 1982.Google Scholar

MacGibbon, Iain. “Some Observations on the Part of Protest in International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 30 (1953): 293–319.Google Scholar

Martin, Francisco Forrest. “Delineating a Hierarchical Outline of International Law Sources and Norms.” Saskatchewan Law Review 65 (2002): 333–68.Google Scholar

Mattei, Ugo A., Teemu Ruskola, and Antonio Gidi. Schlesinger's Comparative Law: Cases-Text-Materials. 7th ed. New York: Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press, 2009.Google Scholar

McDougal, Myres S. “Perspectives for an International Law of Human Dignity.” In Studies in World Public Order, Myres S. McDougal and Associates, 987–1019. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960.Google Scholar

McDougal, Myres S., and Leighton, Gertrude C. K., “The Rights of Man in the World Community: Constitutional Illusions Versus Rational Action.” In Studies in World Public Order, Myres S. McDougal and Associates, 335–403. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960.Google Scholar

McDougal, Myres S., and Schlei, Norbert A.. “The Hydrogen Bomb Tests in Perspective: Lawful Measures for Security.” In Studies in World Public Order, Myres S. McDougal and Associates, 763–843. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1960.Google Scholar

McDougal, Myres S., Lasswell, Harold D., and Chen, Lung-chu. Human Rights and World Public Order: The Basic Policies of an International Law of Human Dignity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

McGuinness, Margaret E. “Exploring the Limits of International Human Rights Law.” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 34 (2006): 393–421.Google Scholar

Mendelson, Maurice. “The Subjective Element in Customary International Law.” British Yearbook of International Law 66 (1995): 177–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meron, Theodor. Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Meron, Theodor. Human Rights in Internal Strife: Their International Protection. Cambridge: Grotius Publications, 1987.Google Scholar

Meron, Theodor. “On a Hierarchy of International Human Rights.” American Journal of International Law 80 (1986): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meron, Theodor. “Revival of Customary Humanitarian Law.” Editorial Comment. American Journal of International Law 99 (2005): 817–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mill, John Stuart. “Utilitarianism.” In John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, On Liberty, Essay on Bentham, Together with Selected Writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Austin, ed. Warnock, Mary, 251–321. New York: New American Library, 1974.Google Scholar

“Montreal Statement of the Assembly for Human Rights, March 22–27, 1968.” Journal of the International Commission of Jurists 9 (1968): 94–109.

Morales, Omar. “Transfer Pricing in Chile: A Comparison of the OECD Guidelines and U.S. Regulations.” University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 79 (2002): 415–31.Google Scholar

Morsink, Johannes. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, George, and Trachtman, Joel P.. “The Customary International Law Game.” American Journal of International Law 99 (2005): 541–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nowak, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 2nd rev. ed. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 2005.Google Scholar

Nussbaum, Arthur. A Concise History of the Law of Nations. Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1954.Google Scholar

O'Connell, Mary Ellen. The Power and Purpose of International Law: Insights from the Theory and Practice of Enforcement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Odio Benito, Elizabeth. Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. U.N. Sales No. E.89.XIV.3. New York: United Nations, 1989.Google Scholar

Orakhelashvili, Alexander. Peremptory Norms in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Draft Double Taxation Convention on Income and Capital: Report of the O.E.C.D. Fiscal Committee. Paris: O.E.C.D. Publications, 1963. (Cited as 1963 OECD Model.)Google Scholar

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Model Double Taxation Convention on Income and Capital: Report of the OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs. Paris: OECD Publications, 1977. (Cited as 1977 OECD Model.)Google Scholar

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital: Condensed Version 17 July 2008: OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs. Paris: OECD Publications, 2008. (Cited as 2008 OECD Model.)Google Scholar

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises: Report of the OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs. Paris: OECD Publications, 1979. (Cited as 1979 OECD Report.)Google Scholar

,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations. Paris: OECD Publications, 2001. (Cited as 1995 Transfer Pricing Guidelines.)Google Scholar

Oye, Kenneth A. “Explaining Cooperation under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies.” In Cooperation under Anarchy, ed. Oye, Kenneth A., 1–24. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Partsch, Karl Josef. “Freedom of Conscience and Expression, and Political Freedoms.” In The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ed. Henkin, Louis, 209–45. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Paust, Jordan J.International Law as Law of the United States. 2nd ed. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2003.Google Scholar

,Permanent Court of International Justice. “Documents Concerning the Action Taken by the Council of the League of Nations under Article 14 of the Covenant and the Adoption by the Assembly of the Statute of the Permanent Court (Not Including Material Collected for, or the Minutes of, the Advisory Committee of Jurists).” Geneva: League of Nations, 1921. (Cited as Permanent Court of International Justice, “Documents.”)

Perry, Stephen R. “Second-Order Reasons, Uncertainty and Legal Theory.” Southern California Law Review 62 (1989): 913–94.Google Scholar

Postema, Gerald J. “Custom in International Law: A Normative Practice Account.” In The Nature of Customary Law, ed. Perreau-Saussine, Amanda and Murphy, James Bernard, 279–306. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

“Proclamation by the President with Respect to the Natural Resources of the Subsoil and Sea Bed of the Continental Shelf, September 28, 1945.” Reprinted in American Journal of International Law Supplement 40 (1946): 45–46.

Provost, René. International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ragazzi, Maurizio. The Concept of International Obligations Erga Omnes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. “Authority and Justification.” In Authority, ed. Raz, Joseph, 115–41. New York: New York University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. “Facing Up: A Reply.” Southern California Law Review 62 (1989): 1153–235.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. “Introduction.” In Authority, ed. Raz, Joseph, 1–19. New York: New York University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. The Morality of Freedom. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. Practical Reason and Norms. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph. “The Problem of Authority: Revisiting the Service Conception.” Minnesota Law Review 90 (2006): 1003–44.Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph, ed. Authority. New York: New York University Press, 1990.

Reisman, W. Michael. “The Cult of Custom in the Late 20th Century.” California Western International Law Journal 17 (1987): 133–45.Google Scholar

Reisman, W. Michael. “International Incidents: Introduction to a New Genre in the Study of International Law.” In International Incidents: The Law That Counts in World Politics, ed. Reisman, W. Michael and Willard, Andrew R., 3–24. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Reisman, W. Michael. “International Lawmaking: A Process of Communication: The Harold D. Lasswell Memorial Lecture.” American Society of International Law Proceedings 75 (1981): 101–20.Google Scholar

Rescher, Nicholas. Introduction to Value Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.Google Scholar

Roberts, Adam, and Guelff, Richard, eds. Documents on the Laws of War. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Roberts, Anthea Elizabeth. “Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation.” American Journal of International Law 95 (2001): 757–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roin, Julie. “Can the Income Tax Be Saved? The Promise and Pitfalls of Adopting Worldwide Formulary Apportionment.” Tax Law Review 61 (2008): 169–240.Google Scholar

Ross, Alf. A Textbook of International Law: General Part. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1947.Google Scholar

Russell, Ruth B.A History of the United Nations Charter: The Role of the United States, 1940–1945. Assisted by Jeannette E. Muther. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1958.Google Scholar

Schachter, Oscar. “The Charter and the Constitution: The Human Rights Provisions in American Law.” Vanderbilt Law Review 4 (1951): 643–59.Google Scholar

Schachter, Oscar. “Entangled Treaty and Custom.” In International Law at a Time of Perplexity: Essays in Honour of Shabtai Rosenne, ed. Dinstein, Yoram, 717–38. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.Google Scholar

Schachter, Oscar. International Law in Theory and Practice. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991.Google Scholar

Schachter, Oscar. “Towards a Theory of International Obligation.” Virginia Journal of International Law 8 (1968): 300–322.Google Scholar

Scheuner, Ulrich. “Conflict of Treaty Provisions with a Peremptory Norm of General International Law and Its Consequences: Comments on Arts. 50, 61 and 67 of the ILC's 1966 Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties.” Zeitschrift Für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 27 (1967): 520–32.Google Scholar

Schlesinger, Rudolf B. “Research on the General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations: Outline of a New Project.” American Journal of International Law 51 (1957): 734–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schwarzenberger, Georg. “International Jus Cogens?” Texas Law Review 43 (1965): 455–78.Google Scholar

Schwarzenberger, Georg. International Law. Vol. 1, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals: I. 3rd ed. London: Stevens & Sons, 1957.Google Scholar

Schwelb, Egon. Human Rights and the International Community: The Roots and Growth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948–1963. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1964.Google Scholar

Schwelb, Egon. “Some Aspects of International Jus Cogens as Formulated by the International Law Commission.” American Journal of International Law 61 (1967): 946–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

“Secretary Surrey Reports on Developments in Treasury's Foreign Tax Program.” Journal of Taxation 24 (1966): 54–59.

Shaw, Malcolm N. “Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion.” In The European System for the Protection of Human Rights, ed. Macdonald, R. St. J., Matscher, F., and Petzold, H., 445–63. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar

Shelton, Dinah. “International Law and ‘Relative Normativity.’” In International Law, ed. Evans, Malcolm D., 159–85. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Shelton, Dinah. “Introduction: Law, Non-Law and the Problem of ‘Soft Law.’” In Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-Binding Norms in the International Legal System, ed. Shelton, Dinah, 1–18. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Shelton, Dinah. “Normative Hierarchy in International Law.” American Journal of International Law 100 (2006): 291–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Simma, Bruno, ed. The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. Vol. II. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Simma, Bruno, and Alston, Philip. “The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens, and General Principles.” Australian Yearbook of International Law 12 (1988–1989): 82–108.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Sir Ian. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter. One World: The Ethics of Globalization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Sloan, Blaine. “General Assembly Resolutions Revisited (Forty Years Later).” British Yearbook of International Law 58 (1987): 39–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sohn, Louis B. “‘Generally Accepted’ International Rules.” Washington Law Review 61 (1986): 1073–80.Google Scholar

Stein, Arthur A. “Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World.” In International Regimes, ed. Krasner, Stephen D., 115–40. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Stein, Ted L. “The Approach of the Different Drummer: The Principle of the Persistent Objector in International Law.” Harvard International Law Journal 26 (1985): 457–82.Google Scholar

Steiner, Henry J. “Individual Claims in a World of Massive Violations: What Role for the Human Rights Committee?” In The Future of UN Human Rights Treaty Monitoring, ed. Alston, Philip and Crawford, James, 15–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Suárez, Francisco. Selections from Three Works of Francisco Suárez, S.J. Vol. 2, The Translation. Translated by Williams, Gwladys L., Brown, Ammi, and Waldron, John, with certain revisions by Henry Davis, S.J. Oxford: Clarendon Press; London: Humphrey Milford, 1944.Google Scholar

Sullivan, Donna J. “Advancing the Freedom of Religion or Belief through the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Religious Intolerance and Discrimination.” American Journal of International Law 82 (1988): 487–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sztucki, Jerzy. Jus Cogens and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Critical Appraisal. Wien: Springer-Verlag, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,Tabandeh, Sultanhussein of Gunabad: Iran. A Muslim Commentary on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. London: F.T. Goulding, 1970.Google Scholar

Tahzib, Bahiyyih G.Freedom of Religion or Belief: Ensuring Effective International Legal Protection. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1996.Google Scholar

Tanakh: A New Translation of The Holy Scriptures According to the Traditional Hebrew Text. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1985.

Tasioulas, John. “Customary International Law and the Quest for Global Justice.” In The Nature of Customary Law, ed. Perreau-Saussine, Amanda and Murphy, James Bernard, 307–35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Tesón, Fernando R.A Philosophy of International Law. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Thirlway, Hugh. International Customary Law and Codification: An Examination of the Continuing Role of Custom in the Present Period of Codification of International Law. Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1972.Google Scholar

Thirlway, Hugh. “The Law and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 1960–1989, Part Two.” British Yearbook of International Law 61 (1990): 1–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thirlway, Hugh. “The Sources of International Law.” In International Law, ed. Evans, Malcolm D., 115–40. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Thomas, Chantal. “Customary International Law and State Taxation of Corporate Income: The Case for the Separate Accounting Method.” Berkeley Journal of International Law 14 (1996): 99–136.Google Scholar

Turro, John. “Treasury Continues to Champion Worldwide Arm's Length Standard.” Tax Notes 66 (1995): 316–17.Google Scholar

Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. The Emergence of Norms. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.Google Scholar

,United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Tax Treaties Between Developed and Developing Countries: Seventh Report: Report of the Group of Experts on Tax Treaties Between Developed and Developing Countries on the Work of Its Seventh Meeting. U.N. Sales No. E.78.XVI.1. New York: United Nations, 1978.Google Scholar

,United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention Between Developed and Developing Countries. U.N. Doc. ST/ESA/PAD/SER.E/21. New York: United Nations, 2001. (Cited as 2001 U.N. Model.)Google Scholar

,United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention Between Developed and Developing Countries. U.N. Sales No. E.80.XVI.3. New York: United Nations, 1980. (Cited as 1980 U.N. Model.)Google Scholar

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. Drafting Committee. International Bill of Human Rights. Documented Outline. “Part I – Texts.” U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/AC.1/3/Add.1 (1947). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/AC.1/3/Add.1 (1947).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. Drafting Committee. Second Session. “Report of the Drafting Committee to the Commission on Human Rights.” U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/95 (1948). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/95 (1948).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. Drafting Committee. “Text of Letter from Lord Dukeston, the United Kingdom Representative on the Human Rights Commission, to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.” U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/AC.1/4 (1947). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/AC.1/4 (1947).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. Drafting Committee on an International Bill of Human Rights. First Session. “Report of the Drafting Committee to the Commission on Human Rights.” U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/21 (1947). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/21 (1947).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. “Report of the Sixth Session, Lake Success (27 March–19 May 1950).” U.N. Doc. E/1681 (1950). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/1681 (1950).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human Rights. “Report to the Economic and Social Council on the Eighth Session of the Commission, held in New York, from 14 April to 14 June 1952.” ECOSOC Official Records, 14th Session, Supp. No. 4. (Cited as Commission on Human Rights, “Report on the Eighth Session.”)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. “Report of the Commission on Human Rights, Second Session, Geneva, 2 December to 17 December 1947.” U.N. Doc. E/600 (1947). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/600 (1947).)

,United Nations. Economic and Social Council. “Report of the Third Session of the Commission on Human Rights, Lake Success, 24 May to 18 June 1948.” U.N. Doc. E/800 (1948). (Cited as U.N. Doc. E/800 (1948).)

,United Nations. General Assembly. “Elimination of All Forms of Religious Intolerance: Note by the Secretary-General.” Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Asma Jahangir. U.N. Doc. A/60/399 (2005). (Cited as U.N. Doc. A/60/399 (2005).)

,United Nations. General Assembly Official Records. Agenda Item 28 (Part II). Annexes. Tenth Session, New York, 1955. “Annotations on the Text of the Draft International Covenants on Human Rights (Prepared by the Secretary-General).” U.N. Doc. A/2929 (1955). (Cited as U.N. Doc. A/2929 (1955).)

,United Nations. Human Rights Committee. General Comment No. 22. “The Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion (Art. 18).” U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4 (1993). (Cited as Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 22.)

,United Nations. Human Rights Committee. General Comment No. 24. “Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols Thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under Article 41 of the Covenant.” U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6 (1994). (Cited as Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 24.)

,United Nations. Human Rights Committee. General Comment No. 29. “States of Emergency (Article 4).” U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11 (2001). (Cited as Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 29.)

,United Nations. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Human Rights Committee. “Consideration of Reports Submitted By States Parties under Article 40 of the Covenant: Initial Reports of States Parties Due in 1993: Addendum: United States of America.” U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/81/Add.4 (1994). (Cited as “Initial U.S. ICCPR Report.”)

,United Nations. Official Records of the Third Session of the General Assembly, Part I. Plenary Meetings of the General Assembly. Summary Records of Meetings 21 September – 12 December 1948. Paris: United Nations, 1949. (Cited as GAOR, Third Session, Summary Records.)Google Scholar

,United Nations. United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties. First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968. Official Records. Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole. U.N. Sales No. E.68.V.7. New York: United Nations, 1969. (Cited as U.N. Conference on the Law of Treaties, Summary Records.)Google Scholar

,United Nations. Yearbook of the United Nations, 1948–49. U.N. Sales No. 1950.I.II. Lake Success, N.Y.: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1950. (Cited as Yearbook of the U.N. (1948–49).)Google Scholar

Dijk, Pieter, Hoof, Fried, Rijn, Arjen, and Zwaak, Leo, eds. Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights. 4th ed. Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2006.

Hoof, G.J.H.Rethinking the Sources of International Law. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1983.Google Scholar

Verdross, Alfred. “Jus Dispositivum and Jus Cogens in International Law.” American Journal of International Law 60 (1966): 55–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Verdross, Alfred. “Forbidden Treaties in International Law: Comments on Professor Garner's Report on ‘The Law of Treaties.’” American Journal of International Law 31 (1937): 571–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Verdross, Alfred, and Koeck, Heribert Franz. “Natural Law: The Tradition of Universal Reason and Authority.” In The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy Doctrine and Theory, ed. Macdonald, R. St. J. and Johnston, Douglas M., 17–50. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1983.Google Scholar

Villiger, Mark E.Customary International Law and Treaties: A Study of Their Interactions and Interrelations with Special Consideration of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.Google Scholar

Walden, Raphael M. “Customary International Law: A Jurisprudential Analysis.” Israel Law Review 13 (1978): 86–102.Google Scholar

Waldock, Sir Humphrey. “Fifth Report on the Law of Treaties.” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/183 and Add.1–4 (1965–1966). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1966, vol. II, 1–50. New York: United Nations, 1967.Google Scholar

Waldock, Sir Humphrey. “Human Rights in Contemporary International Law and the Significance of the European Convention.” In The European Convention on Human Rights, 1–23. London: Stevens and Sons on behalf of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1965.Google Scholar

Waldock, Sir Humphrey. “Second Report on the Law of Treaties.” U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/156 and Add.1–3 (1963). Reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1963, vol. II, 36–94. New York: United Nations, 1964.Google Scholar

Weeramantry, C.G.Islamic Jurisprudence: An International Perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weeramantry, C.G.. Universalising International Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004.Google Scholar

Weil, Prosper. “Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?” American Journal of International Law 77 (1983): 413–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weinberger, Sheila. “The Wimbledon Paradox and the World Court: Confronting Inevitable Conflicts Between Conventional and Customary International Law.” Emory International Law Review 10 (1996): 397–440.Google Scholar

Weisburd, Arthur M. “Customary International Law: The Problem of Treaties.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 21 (1988): 1–46.Google Scholar

Weisburd, Arthur M. “A Reply to Professor D'Amato.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 21 (1988): 473–88.Google Scholar

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated: Civil Code: Articles 1 to 101. Vol. 1. West Group, 1999.

White, N. D.The Law of International Organisations. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Wolfke, Karol. Custom in Present International Law. 2nd rev. ed. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Andreas, Tomuschat, Christian, and Oellers-Frahm, Karin, eds. The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.