You saw in earlier chapters the major ways that energy use leads to ambient air pollution, and to acid deposition and global climate change. You also saw its contribution to the nitrogen glut and other water and soil pollution problems. This chapter looks specifically at energy production and use, and alternatives to fossil fuels. Section I surveys world energy use past, present, and future. Overviewed in Section II is our great attachment to motor vehicles, the results of that fondness, and how we can reduce some adverse impacts of motor vehicles. Section III examines another major user of energy, electricity generation, and some of the many approaches for reducing the pollution associated with it. Section IV brings us to an examination of alternative fuels. Section V briefly surveys energy use in less-developed countries, while Section VI summarizes sustainable energy generation.

SECTION I

Overviewing world energy use

World energy use is increasing steadily (Figure 13.1). Between 1970 and 1997 consumption nearly doubled. It is projected to rise another 60% between 1997 and 2020. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants rise in step with energy consumption.