ROTC and the University

Donald Alexander Downs; Ilia Murtazashvili

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511844447.005

3 - ROTC and the University

An Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012

Donald Alexander Downs and

Ilia Murtazashvili

Show author details

Donald Alexander Downs: Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Ilia Murtazashvili: Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh

Book contents

Get access

Summary

First comes the courage of the citizen-soldier; for this is the most like true courage. Citizen-soldiers seem to face dangers because of the penalties imposed by the laws and the reproaches they would otherwise incur; and because of the honours they win by such action; and therefore those peoples seem to be bravest among whom cowards are held in dishonour. This is the kind of courage that Homer depicts.

– Aristotle

The most successful tyranny is not the one that uses force to assure uniformity, but the one that removes awareness of other possibilities.

– Allan Bloom

As we have stressed in the first two chapters, a liberal or civic education involves a process of conflict between an individual’s preconceived beliefs and the beliefs of others as they update their views based on their exposure to competing and contrasting ideas. Some of the greatest contrasts are between student-soldiers and civilians on campus. The university often involves an active, physical presence of the military on campus in the form of ROTC – a presence that has often engendered tensions, as we will discuss in the following chapters. It also raises questions that we will seek to answer. What are the benefits of physical presence of student-soldiers – primarily through ROTC – for a university? Are there conflicts between civilians and student-soldiers? What explains the emergence, decline, and resurgence of ROTC on campus? These questions are critical to understanding the relationship between arms and the university – ones to which we hope to offer preliminary answers in the chapters that follow.

Type: Chapter
Information: Arms and the University
Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students
, pp. 77 - 102

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844447.005 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aristotle, The Nichomachean Ethics of AristotleRoss, William DavidCreateSpace 2011CrossRef Google Scholar

Bloom, AllanThe Closing of the American MindSimon and Schuster 1988Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P.The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil–Military RelationsHarvard University Press 1957Google Scholar

Weimer, David L.Institutional DesignKluwer Academic 1995CrossRef

Coumbe, Arthur T.Why ROTC? The Debate over Collegiate Military Training, 1969–1973Air & Space Power Journal Chronicles Online Journal 30 1999Google Scholar

Goldich, Robert L.The Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps: Recent Trends and Current StatusCongressional Research Service 1974 2Google Scholar

Educators and Cadets Address ROTC ConferenceArmy ROTC Newsletter 5 1971 1

Neiberg, Michael S.Making Citizen Soldiers: ROTC and the Ideology of American Military ServiceHarvard University Press 2001 23Google Scholar

Lyons, Eugene M.Masland, John W.Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.CPrinceton University Press 1959Google Scholar

Buhl, Lance C.The Military–Civilian ComplexHarvard Bulletin 25 1970 23Google Scholar

Barnes, Roswell P.Militarizing Our Youth: The Significance of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps in Our Schools and CollegesCommittee on Militarism in Education 1927Google Scholar

Millis, WalterArms and Men: A Study of American Military HistoryMentorNew American Library 1956 41Google Scholar

The Federalist PapersRossiter, ClintonNew American Library 1961

Neiberg, Making Citizen Soldiers14

Levinson, Sanford“The Embarrassing Second Amendment,”Yale Law Journal 637 1989Google Scholar

District of Columbia v. Heller 2783 2008

Riker, William H.Soldiers of the StatesPublic Affairs Press 1957Google Scholar

Bacevich, Andrew J.The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by WarOxford University Press 2005 26Google Scholar

Christopher, LaschThe Revolt of the Elites: and the Betrayal of DemocracyW. W.Norton 1995Google Scholar

Roth-Douquet, KathySchaeffer, FrankAWOL: The Unexcused Absence of America’s Upper Classes from the Military – and How It Hurts Our CountryHarper Collins 2006Google Scholar

Ricks, Thomas E.The Widening Gap Between the Military and SocietyAtlantic Monthly 1997Google Scholar

Making the CorpsScribnerSimon and Schuster 1997

McMichael, William H.Most U.S. Youth Unfit to Serve, Data ShowArmy Times 5 2009Google Scholar

USA TodayPentagon: A Third of U.S. Youth Too Fat, Sickly to Serve 4 2009

Galston, William A.Gehring, Verna V.Community Matters: Challenges to Civic Engagement in the 21st CenturyRowan and Littlefield 2005Google Scholar

Sher, Richard B.“Adam Ferguson, Adam Smith, and the Problem of National Defense,”Journal of American History 61 1989 240Google Scholar

Burk, JamesCitizenship Status and Military Service: The Quest for Inclusion by Minorities and Conscientious Objectors,Armed Forces & Society 21 1995CrossRef Google Scholar

Strum, PhillipaWomen in the Barracks: The VMI Case and Equal RightsUniversity Press of Kansas 2002Google Scholar

United States v. Virginia, et al 518 1996

Glick, Edward BernardSoldiers and Scholars: The Social Impact of the American ArmyGoodyear 1971 17Google Scholar

Coumbe, Arthur T.Kotakis, Paul N.Gammell, W. AnneHistory of the U.S. Army Cadet Command: Second 10 Years, 1996–2006New Forums Press 2008 224Google Scholar

Cohen, Eliot A.Twilight of the Citizen-SoldierParameters 31 2001 24Google Scholar

Bowman, WilliamLittle, RogerThomas, G.The All-Volunteer Force After a Decade: Retrospect and ProspectPergamon-Brassey’s 1986

Burk, JamesThe Military Obligation of Citizens Since VietnamParameters 31 2001Google Scholar

Woodruff, Todd D.Kelty, RyanSegal, David R.Propensity to Serve and Motivation to Enlist Among American Combat SoldiersArmed Forces & Society 32 2006 353CrossRef Google Scholar

Peters, RalphLearning to LoseAmerican Interest 2007Google Scholar

Petraeus, David H.Beyond the CloisterAmerican Interest 2007Google Scholar

Edelman, MurrayThe Symbolic Uses of PoliticsUniversity of Illinois Press 1964Google Scholar

Chwe, Michael Suk-YoungRational Ritual: Culture, Coordination, and Common KnowledgePrinceton University Press 2001Google Scholar

Krebs, Ronald R.The Citizen-Soldier Tradition in the United States: Has Its Demise Been Greatly Exaggerated?Armed Forces & Society 35 2009 154Google Scholar

Schlesinger, Arthur M.The Vital Center: The Politics of FreedomHoughton Mifflin 1949Google Scholar

Lewis, Adrian R.The American Culture of War: The History of the U.S. Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi FreedomRoutledge 2007Google Scholar

Cohen, Eliot A.Citizens and Soldiers: The Dilemmas of Military ServiceCornell University Press 1985Google Scholar

Weigley, Russell F.The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and PolicyMacmillan 1973Google Scholar

Hormats, Robert DThe Price of Liberty: Paying for America’s WarsTimes Books 2007Google Scholar

Burk, JamesTheories of Democratic Civil–Military RelationsArmed Forces & Society 29 2009 9Google Scholar

Diggins, John P.The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of LiberalismBasic 1984Google Scholar

Rostker, BernardI Want YOU! The Evolution of the All-Volunteer ForceRand 2006 10Google Scholar

Bailey, BethAmerica’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer ForceHarvard University Press 2009Google Scholar

Burk, Theories of Democratic Civil–Military Relations,”The Reconstruction of PatriotismUniversity of Chicago Press 1983Google Scholar

Weiss, Michael J.The Clustered WorldLittle, Brown 2000 10Google Scholar

Desch, Michael C.Explaining the Gap: Vietnam, the Republicanization of the South, and the End of the Mass Army,Feaver, Peter D.Kohn, Richard H.Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National SecurityMIT Press 2001 290Google Scholar

The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy in Early Modern EuropePrinceton University Press 1992

Adler, Stephen J.The Jury: Trial and Error in the American CourtroomTimes Books 1994Google Scholar

Abramson, JeffreyWe, the Jury: The Jury System and the Ideal of DemocracyBasic 1994Google Scholar

Bollinger, Lee C.The Tolerant Society: Freedom of Speech and Extremist Speech in AmericaOxford University Press 1986Google Scholar

Shiffrin, StevenThe First Amendment and RomanceHarvard University Press 1990CrossRef Google Scholar

Mill, John StuartMill, J. S.“On Liberty” and Other WritingsClassic Books International 2010Google Scholar

Rauch, JonathanKindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free ThoughtUniversity of Chicago Press 1993Google Scholar

Surowieki, JamesThe Wisdom of CrowdsDoubleday 2004Google Scholar

Elster, JonLandemore, HeleneCollective Wisdom: Principles and MechanismsCambridge University Press 2012

Ladha, Krishna K.The Condorcet Theorem, Free Speech, and Correlated ValuesAmerican Journal of Political Science 36 1992 617CrossRef Google Scholar

Page, Scott E.The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and SocietiesPrinceton University Press 2007 17Google Scholar

Gassett, Ortega yConcord and LibertyW. W. Norton 1963Google Scholar

Sennett, RichardThe Uses of Disorder: Personal Identity and City LifeYale University Press 2008Google Scholar

Bloom, AllanThe Closing of the American MindSimon and Schuster 1987 227Google Scholar

Janis, L.Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Policy Decisions and FiascosHoughton Mifflin 1972Google Scholar

Kuran, TimurPrivate Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference FalsificationHarvard University Press 1995Google Scholar

Sapolsky, HarveyGholz, EugeneTalmadge, CaitlinU.S. Defense Politics: The Origins of Security PolicyRoutledge 2009Google Scholar

Hegel, G. W. F.The Phenomenology of MindBaillie, J. B.Macmillan 1955Google Scholar

Kadish, Mortimer R.Kadish, Sanford H.Discretion to Disobey: A Study of Lawful Departures from Legal RulesStanford University Press 1973Google Scholar

Grossman, DaveOn Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and SocietyLittle, Brown 1995Google Scholar

Marshall, Men Against FirePeter Smith 1978Google Scholar

Builder, Carl H.The Masks of War: American Military Styles in Strategy and AnalysisJohns Hopkins University Press 1989Google Scholar

Coates, . J.The Ethics of WarManchester University Press 1997 40Google Scholar

Fletcher, George P.Ohlin, Jens DavidDefending Humanity: When Force Is Justified and WhyOxford University Press 2008Google Scholar

Walzer, MichaelJust and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical IllustrationsBasic 2006Google Scholar

Elshtain, Jean BethkeJust War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent WorldBasic 2003Google Scholar

Hoy, Pat C.Soldiers and Scholars: Between Harvard and West Point, a Deep – and Dangerous – Cultural ChasmHarvard Magazine 98 1996Google Scholar

Holmes, Oliver WendellThe Fraternity of ArmsPosner, Richard A.The Essential Holmes: Selections from the Letters, Speeches, Judicial Opinions, and Other WritingsUniversity of Chicago Press 1992 73Google Scholar

Gelven, MichaelWar and Existence: A Philosophical InquiryPennsylvania State University Press 1994Google Scholar

Neiberg, Coumbe, Arthur T.Harford, Lee S.U.S. Army Cadet Command: The 10 Year History 1996

Kennedy, GregoryNielson, KeithMilitary Education: Past, Present, and FuturePraeger 2002 151

Freeland, Richard M.The Third WayAtlantic Monthly 2004Google Scholar

King, David C.Karabell, ZacharyThe Generation of Trust: How the U.S. Military Has Regained the Public’s Confidence Since VietnamAmerican Enterprise Institute Press 2003Google Scholar

Mazur, Diane H.‘Rum, Sodomy, and the Lash’: What the Military Thrives on and How It Affects Legal Recruitment and Law SchoolsDuke Law Journal of Gender Law and Policy 1143 2007 1160Google Scholar

Book contents

3 - ROTC and the University

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive