Pain, especially acute pain, is often useful. It warns us that a part of our body is injured or at risk of being damaged. Without the experience of pain, we would not know to take our hand from the fire or attend to a broken leg. However, pain can also signal a false alarm. For example, headache, the most common pain, is not usually associated with any actual damage to the head or brain. Usually it is caused by spasms in the muscles around the head and neck. It is, however, important to attend to pain as a warning sign. Pain can be a physical or a psychological warning sign, and is most often a combination of both. Pain is well recognised to be more common in women, partly because of the fact that only women experience menstrual pain and pain during labour.

It is important to understand both the physical and the psychological aspects of pain. A lack of awareness of the psychological side leads patients and doctors to rely excessively on medication and other physical treatments such as injections or surgery. It is now well established that the overprescription of medication for pain can do more harm than good. Of course, the judicious prescription of medication and, in selected cases, injections or even surgery, can be helpful.