Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Preface
- Section 1 Bilateral Predominantly Symmetric Abnormalities
- 1 Hepatic Encephalopathy
- 2 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – UBOs
- 3 Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
- 4 Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (Hallervorden–Spatz Syndrome)
- 5 Methanol Intoxication
- 6 Wilson Disease 12
- 7 Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Term Neonates
- 8 Cryptococcosis
- 9 Gangliosidosis GM2
- 10 Leigh Disease
- 11 Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis (DCVT)
- 12 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- 13 Global Cerebral Anoxia in Mature Brain
- 14 Wernicke Encephalopathy
- 15 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 16 Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
- 17 Subcortical Band Heterotopia
- 18 Bilateral Perisylvian Polymicrogyria (BPP)
- 19 Lissencephaly
- 20 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- 21 Limbic Encephalitis
- 22 CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy)
- 23 Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts
- 24 Canavan Disease
- 25 HIV Encephalopathy
- 26 Radiation- and Chemotherapy-Induced Leukoencephalopathy
- 27 Leukoaraiosis (Microangiopathy)
- 28 Periventricular Edema in Acute Hydrocephalus
- 29 Hypoglycemia
- 30 X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD)
- 31 Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
- 32 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES, Hypertensive Encephalopathy)
- 33 Alexander Disease
- 34 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- 35 Neurodegenerative Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (ND-LCH)
- 36 Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage
- 37 Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
- Section 2 Sellar, Perisellar and Midline Lesions
- Section 3 Parenchymal Defects or Abnormal Volume
- Section 4 Abnormalities Without Significant Mass Effect
- Section 5 Primarily Extra-Axial Focal Space-Occupying Lesions
- Section 6 Primarily Intra-Axial Masses
- Section 7 Intracranial Calcifications
- Index
- References
28 - Periventricular Edema in Acute Hydrocephalus
from Section 1 - Bilateral Predominantly Symmetric Abnormalities
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Preface
- Section 1 Bilateral Predominantly Symmetric Abnormalities
- 1 Hepatic Encephalopathy
- 2 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – UBOs
- 3 Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
- 4 Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (Hallervorden–Spatz Syndrome)
- 5 Methanol Intoxication
- 6 Wilson Disease 12
- 7 Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Term Neonates
- 8 Cryptococcosis
- 9 Gangliosidosis GM2
- 10 Leigh Disease
- 11 Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis (DCVT)
- 12 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- 13 Global Cerebral Anoxia in Mature Brain
- 14 Wernicke Encephalopathy
- 15 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 16 Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
- 17 Subcortical Band Heterotopia
- 18 Bilateral Perisylvian Polymicrogyria (BPP)
- 19 Lissencephaly
- 20 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- 21 Limbic Encephalitis
- 22 CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy)
- 23 Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts
- 24 Canavan Disease
- 25 HIV Encephalopathy
- 26 Radiation- and Chemotherapy-Induced Leukoencephalopathy
- 27 Leukoaraiosis (Microangiopathy)
- 28 Periventricular Edema in Acute Hydrocephalus
- 29 Hypoglycemia
- 30 X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD)
- 31 Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
- 32 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES, Hypertensive Encephalopathy)
- 33 Alexander Disease
- 34 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- 35 Neurodegenerative Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (ND-LCH)
- 36 Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage
- 37 Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
- Section 2 Sellar, Perisellar and Midline Lesions
- Section 3 Parenchymal Defects or Abnormal Volume
- Section 4 Abnormalities Without Significant Mass Effect
- Section 5 Primarily Extra-Axial Focal Space-Occupying Lesions
- Section 6 Primarily Intra-Axial Masses
- Section 7 Intracranial Calcifications
- Index
- References
Summary
Specific Imaging Findings
Periventricular white matter halo, most commonly around the lateral ventricles, shows low density on CT, increased diffusion and high T2 signal, which is best seen as hyperintensity on FLAIR images. Periventricular edema is invariably associated with ventriculomegaly and signs of high ventricular pressure: dilated temporal horns; rounded frontal horns; bowed, thinned and stretched corpus callosum; ballooned third ventricle; sulcal effacement. There is no contrast enhancement. The periventricular rim has indistinct borders on CT, and smooth, well-delineated margins on FLAIR images. It commonly contours the entire lateral ventricles, extending along the temporal horns. Maximum halo thickness is generally around the frontal horns and the trigones. On sagittal T2-weighted imaging dilated hyperintense perivenular subependymal spaces can be seen, radiating outward with finger-like appearance. In long-standing hydrocephalus, the periventricular halo can show ill-defined margins and white matter thinning due to gliotic scarring. With newly diagnosed acute hydrocephalus, the main distinction is between obstructive and communicating hydrocephalus. If no obvious obstructing masses or subarachnoid hemorrhage are evident to explain the hydrocephalus, cisternographic MR techniques (volumetric highresolution heavily T2WI), or CT cisternography, can be used to detect thin webs obstructing the CSF outflow.
Pertinent Clinical Information
Obstructive and non-obstructive conditions leading to imbalance between the production and the resorption of CSF, resulting in accumulation of CSF, cause increased intraventricular CSF pressure. Depending on the rate of the ventricular pressure changes, presentations range from signs and symptoms of frank intracranial hypertension (papilledema, headache, worse in the recumbent position and early in the morning, nausea and projecting vomiting, lethargy) to more subtle gait disturbances, headache, ophthalmoplegia, and cognitive decline.
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- Brain Imaging with MRI and CTAn Image Pattern Approach, pp. 57 - 58Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012