4 - Ukraine
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 October 2011
Summary
This chapter will show how the politics of national identity and strategies of the UNHCR shaped refugee policies in post-Soviet Ukraine. The two main causal factors were the same as in Russia, but because Ukraine differed from Russia both in the politics of national identity and in the type of strategies the UNHCR pursued, different refugee policy outcomes followed. The political divisions in Ukraine precluded any ethnic or linguistic group from being designated as compatriots of the state and produced the citizenship law where the official nation was defined purely territorially. Because this definition was not a reflection of initial positions of any of the political forces but a new invention hammered out during the citizenship law debate, in my terms the politics of national identity in Ukraine resulted in a compromise, not a consensus, definition of the official nation. This in turn led to refugee policies that did not accord preferential treatment to any refugee group.
The UNHCR’s approach in Ukraine was also different from its approach in Russia. In Russia it took the UNHCR some years to start assisting compatriot refugees, but in Ukraine it extended assistance to the nontraditional refugees, in particular the formerly deported groups in Crimea, from the start of its operations in the country. This UNHCR strategy enabled materialization of a nondiscriminatory refugee policy in Ukraine by the second half of the 1990s. However, as the UNHCR priorities changed and domestic political volatility in Ukraine spilled over into the area of refugee policies in recent years, Ukraine’s refugee protection regime deteriorated.
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- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
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