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Cnidaria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

J. D. Fish
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Aberystwyth
S. Fish
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Aberystwyth
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Summary

The phylum Cnidaria, formerly known as the Coelenterata, includes the hydroids or sea-firs, the sea-anemones, jellyfishes and corals. These apparently diverse forms have in common a basic radial symmetry and a relatively simple body structure with a body wall made up of an outer epidermis (ectoderm) and an inner gastrodermis (endoderm), separated by a jelly-like mesogloea. Cnidarians therefore have two layers of cells and are described as diploblastic, compared with the triploblastic grade of organization shown by the majority of animals, in which there is a third cell layer, the mesoderm. The body cavity has a single opening to the exterior called the mouth and this is usually surrounded by tentacles, which are without cilia, but have special cells known as cnidocytes (nematocytes). These contain capsule-like structures, the cnidae, that are unique to the phylum, and from which the phylum gets its name. The cnidae contain a thread which is discharged on stimulation; in some (the nematocysts) the thread penetrates the prey and injects a toxin; in others (the spirocysts) the thread is adhesive. A few cnidarians are suspension feeders but most are carnivorous and when the tentacles make contact with the prey, it is immobilized and passed to the mouth. The majority of cnidarians are dioecious and both asexual reproduction by budding and sexual reproduction are common.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

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  • Cnidaria
  • J. D. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, S. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
  • Book: A Student's Guide to the Seashore
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035125.009
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  • Cnidaria
  • J. D. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, S. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
  • Book: A Student's Guide to the Seashore
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035125.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Cnidaria
  • J. D. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, S. Fish, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
  • Book: A Student's Guide to the Seashore
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035125.009
Available formats
×