For Arrian, Curtius, and Diodorus, and Plutarch, as well as Homer, Euripides, and Herodotus, the Loeb Classical Library editions (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press) offer readable English translations alongside the original language of the ancient sources. For Justin, see J. C. Yardley's translations: Justin. Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994), and Justin. Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Volume I. Books 11–12: Alexander the Great. Commentary by Waldemar Heckel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997). Charles A. Robinson, The History of Alexander the Great. Vol. 1 (Providence: Brown University, 1953) translates the “fragments” of the “lost” historians of Alexander, meaning quotations and paraphrases of earlier ancient sources found in later, surviving sources.

Modern studies of Alexander are overwhelmingly numerous and diverse. Waldemar Heckel and Lawrence A. Tritle, editors, Alexander the Great: A New History (Chichester, U.K. and Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), pp. 311–348 provide an extensive bibliography. Waldemar Heckel, Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire (Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006) gives short descriptions, including source citations, for many individuals known from the history of Alexander. The spectrum of modern interpretations of Alexander's personality and aims ranges from the visionary leader promoting the “brotherhood of man” imagined by William Woodthorpe Tarn in Alexander the Great (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948) to the near sociopath seemingly unable to sate his blood lust conceived by Ernst Badian in “Alexander the Great and the Loneliness of Power,” in Studies in Greek and Roman History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964), pp. 192–205, and by A. B. Bosworth in Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) and Alexander and the East: The Tragedy of Triumph New ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).