There are two types of problems in attributing works to authors, consistent over time, but especially acute in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. First, we do not often have much information about people, making it hard for us to reconstruct what they were like and so to decide whether they actually wrote what has been attributed to them. All too often decisions are made based on the assumption that a particular work could or could not have been written by someone because it bears no resemblance to the purported author of that work. Second, looking at the problem from the other way round, attributions are not always precise, safe or even made at all, so we often do not know whether we can assume that a work was really written by the author we think is responsible. And this is before we deal with more philosophical problems of authorship and the attribution of an author to such common sentences as ‘I love you’; ‘Hear your good father, lady’; or, ‘I have forgotten my umbrella.’ In theorizing Shakespeare's authorship we need to consider both sides of the question, before drawing to a conclusion. The evidence will demonstrate, I think, that what we do not know is often much more significant than what we do know and any case that we make about authorship has to consider ignorance as well as knowledge.

It is often argued that the gaps in our understanding of Shakespeare's life are particularly unusual. In an online blog discussion about the authorship question, William Rubinstein asked what looks like a series of pointed questions to his opponents: