References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2014
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Ethics of InsurgencyA Critical Guide to Just Guerrilla Warfare, pp. 283 - 314Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
References
(2001). The classification and recruitment of collaborators. In The phenomenon of collaborators in Palestine, proceedings of a Passia workshop (pp. 17–28). Jerusalem: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.Google Scholar
(1979). “The legal status of wars of national liberation.” Wars of national liberation in the Geneva conventions and protocols. Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, 165, 353–448. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
(2011). Does terrorism really work? Evolution in the conventional wisdom since 9/11. Defence and Peace Economics, 22(6), 583–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). A human rights law of internal armed conflict: The European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya. European Journal of International Law, 16(4), 741–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (1977). Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), June 8, 1977.
. (1977). Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), June 8, 1977. Commentary.
. (1977). Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), June 8, 1977.
(2008). From politics to arms to politics again: The transition of the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (Free Aceh Movement – GAM). Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.Google Scholar
(2010). Hezi Shai, who fell prisoner in the battle of Sultan Yaakov, returns to those dark days. Haaretz, March 19. .
and (2013). Drone and Taliban attacks hit civilians, Afghans say. New York Times, August 8. .
(2010). Clearing the fog of war? The ICRC’s interpretive guidance on direct participation in hostilities. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 59(01), 180–192.Google Scholar
. (2008). Website posts Abu-Yahya al-Libi’s research on human shields in jihad.” World News Connection, National Technical Information Service, April 10. .
(2012). Combating terrorism in the new media environment. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 35(5), 339–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2011a). Israel-Hamas prisoner swap casts harsh light on detention practices of all sides. .
. (2011b). Questions around operation against Osama bin Laden. .
. (2011c). Support campaign to end the suffering of Gilad Shalit and his family. .
, , and (2013). Guantanamo Bay: A medical ethics–free zone?New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 101–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2012). The potential Impact of Palestinian Nonviolent Struggle on Israel: Preliminary Lessons and projections for the Future. The Middle East Journal, 66(2), 231–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Knowledge management, terrorism, and cyber terrorism. In and (Eds.), Cyber warfare and cyber terrorism (pp. 7–16). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.Google Scholar
(2007). Divining victory: Airpower in the Israel-Hezbollah war. Maxwell Airforce Base: Air University Press.Google Scholar
. (nd). Fadjr-5 333mm multiple rocket launcher system. .
and (1999). Chechnya: A glimpse of future conflict?Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 22(3), 207–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Islam and nation: Separatist rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
(1994). War in the shadows: The guerrilla in history. New York: William Morrow and Company.Google Scholar
(2006). Qana makes grim history again. July 31. .
and (2006). Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf? The International Criminal Court as a weapon of asymmetric warfare. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 39, 291–346.Google Scholar
(2012). Six years of BDS: Success. In (Ed.), The case for sanctions against Israel (pp. 77–84). London: Verso.Google Scholar
(2001). New nationalism: The internet crusade (paper prepared for International Studies Association Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, February 20–24). .
and (2005). The political economy of civil war and conflict transformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. . 2005.
(2011a). A collection of codes of conduct issued by armed groups. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(882), 483–501.Google Scholar
(2011b). Reasons why armed groups choose to respect international humanitarian law or not. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(882), 353–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Embedded war reporting cannot escape its own bias. The Guardian, April 18. .
(2007). Israel’s military intelligence performance in the Second Lebanon War. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 20, 583–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Human dignity, human rights, and responsibility: The new language of global ethics and biolaw. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
and (2013). Revisiting medical neutrality as a moral value and as a doctrine of international law. In and (Eds.), Military medical ethics for the 21st century (pp. 97–110). Farnham, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
and (2014). Israel says that Hamas uses civilian shields, reviving debate. New York Times, July 23. .
. (2005). Palestinian civil society call for BDS. July 9. .
. (2009). Palestinian trade unions unanimously support boycott movement. BDS National Committee, Press Release, November 26. .
and (1994). Collaborators in the Occupied Territories: Human rights abuses and violations. Jerusalem: B’Tselem.Google Scholar
, , , and (2000). The psychological impact of burglary. Psychology, Crime and Law, 6(1), 33–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Beirut bank seen as a hub of Hezbollah’s financing. New York Times, December 12. .
(1989). Covert intervention as a moral problem. Ethics & International Affairs, 3(1), 45–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The KLA and the Kosovo war: From intra-state conflict to independent country. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.Google Scholar
and (2007). Generosity and philanthropy: A literature review. Available at SSRN. .CrossRef
(2012). Massacres and morality: Mass atrocities in an age of civilian immunity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). Justice in asymmetric wars: A contractarian analysis. The Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 6(2), 172–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Detention and interrogation in Northern Ireland, 1969–75. In (Ed.), Prisoners in war (pp. 187–204). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2002–2003). Assassinating Saddam Hussein: The view from international law. Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, 13, 847–870.Google Scholar
(2006). The more you know, the less you understand: The problem with information warfare. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 29(3), 505–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Semantics and ethics of propaganda. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(2–3), 121–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (Eds.). (1984). Objections to nuclear defence: Philosophers on deterrence. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
(1963). Critical remarks on Weber’s theory of authority. The American Political Science Review, 57(2), 305–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2006). Mental health and resiliency following 44 months of terrorism: a survey of an Israeli national representative sample. BMC Medicine, 4(1), 21. .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2003). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 612–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2001). Human rights and the Kurdish issue in Turkey: 1984–1999. Human Rights Review, 3(1), 45–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The French in Algeria: Can there be prisoners of war in a ‘domestic’ operation? In (Ed.), Prisoners in war (pp. 173–186). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
, , and (2003). Nepal: Economic drivers of the Maoist insurgency. In and (Eds.), The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance (pp. 107–132). London: Rienner.Google Scholar
and (1989). Residential burglary victimization: Reactions to the invasion of a primary territory. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9(2), 119–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Selective humanitarianism: In defense of inconsistency. In and (Eds.), Ethics and foreign intervention (pp. 31–52). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2008). Public diplomacy and propaganda: Their difference. American Diplomacy, September 16. .
. (The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories). (2009). B’Tselem’s investigation of fatalities in Operation Cast Lead. September 9. .
. (2012a). Statistics on Palestinians in the custody of the Israeli security forces. .
. (2012b). Five years without visits – Will family visits be renewed for prisoners from Gaza? .
. (2013). Fatalities before, during and since Operation Cast Lead and in the First Intifada. .
. (nd.). Fatalities in the first Intifada. Accessed November 20, 2013. .
(1984). The ethical limits of taxation. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 86(2), 102–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). The human shield in Islamic ,jurisprudence. Military Review, May-June, 48–52.
and (2012) Drugs in Afghanistan – A forgotten issue? Implications and risks for transition. United States Institute of Peace PEACEBRIEF, 126, May 18, p. 4. .
and (2004). Drugs and development in Afghanistan. World Bank, Social Development Papers, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Paper No. 18, December. .
(2004). Deception 101: Primer on deception. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (in press). Immune from cyber fire? The psychological & physiological effects of cyber war. In , , and (Eds.). Binary Bullets: The Ethics of Cyberwarfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
, , , and (2009). A new stress-based model of political extremism personal exposure to terrorism, psychological distress, and exclusionist political attitudes. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(3), 363–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). National self-determination and national secession: Individualist and communitarian approaches. In (Ed.), Theories of secession (pp. 151–181). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
and (1997). The casualty profile from the Manchester bombing 1996: a proposal for the construction and dissemination of casualty profiles from major incidents. Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine, 14(2), 76–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). Liberalism and the obligation to military service. Political Studies, 46(1), 68–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Taking prisoners: Reviewing the international humanitarian law grounds for deprivation of liberty by armed opposition groups. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(883), 743–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992). Re-thinking self-determination: A critical analysis of current international law theories. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 18, 21–40.Google Scholar
(1995). Self-determination of peoples: A legal reappraisal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2012). Cyber-threats. In and (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. 180–189). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
. (2007, 2012). The world factbook. .
(2012). Lebanon: The 2006 Lebanon War: A Short History Part II. Small Wars Journal, September 12. .
(1977). Additional Protocol I, Commentary, Article 44, page 519, note 40.
(2012a). Improvised explosive devices: A Global Review. Civil-military fusion centre counter-Improvised explosive devices. January & February. .
(2012b). Improvised explosive devices: A Global Review. Civil-military fusion centre counter-Improvised explosive devices.March, April & May. .
and (2013). Understanding nonviolent resistance: An introduction. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 271–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2011). Why civil resistance works: The strategic logic of nonviolent conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
(2012). Afghanistan casualties: Military forces and civilians. Congressional Research Service. Washington, DC: Library of Congress. .
and (2004). Social responsibility worldwide. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 19(1), 3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1995). Economic sanctions and the just-war doctrine. In and (Eds.), Economic sanctions: Panacea or peacebuilding in a post-Cold War world? (pp. 97–117). Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
, , and (2004). Latin America’s lawless areas and failed states. In P. D. Taylor (Ed.), Latin American security challenges: A collaborative inquiry from North and South, Newport Papers, 21 (pp. 7–48). Newport, RI: Naval War College. .
(1989). Forging a nation: The Eritrean experience.Third World Quarterly, 11(4), 131–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). Escaping from the bomb: Immoral deterrence and the problem of extrication. In (Ed.), Nuclear deterrence and moral restraint: Critical choices for American strategy (pp. 163–225). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Economic sanctions in IHL: Suggested principles. Israel Law Review, 42, 117–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Inside the EPLF: The origins of the ‘people’s party’ & its role in the liberation of Eritrea. Review of African Political Economy, 28(89), 345–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Sanctions and the struggle for health in South Africa. American Journal of Public Health, 89(10), 1505–1508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2003). The military balance in North Africa. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. .
(2007). Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah war. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. .Google Scholar
and (2000). Was the Serbian TV station really a legitimate target. Le Monde Diplomatique. .
(2003). Terrorism: A philosophical analysis (vol. 101). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2011). Hamas. .
(2013). Understanding strategic choice: The determinants of civil war and nonviolent campaign in self-determination disputes. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 291–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992). Sorting out the ethics of propaganda. Communication Studies, 43(4), 233–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). The Western Sahara conflict: Towards a constructivist approach to self-determination. The Journal of North African Studies, 13(2), 143–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). International law: Armed groups in a state-centric system. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(882), 395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). A review of Iranian aviation industry: Victim of sanctions or creation of mismanagement? (paper presented at the Third Conference on Iran’s Economy, University of Chicago, Chicago, October). .
(1995). Eyes without country: Searching for a Palestinian strategy of liberation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
(1999). Nonviolent resistance in the Occupied Territories: A critical reevaluation. In , , and (Eds.), Nonviolent social movements: A geographical perspective (pp. 52–74). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
, , and (2009). The 2006 war and its inter-temporal economic impact on agriculture in Lebanon. Disasters, 33(4), 629–644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2002). Diaspora and conflict: Locality, long-distance nationalism, and delocalisation of conflict dynamics. The Public-Javnost, 9(1), 85–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The Iran sanctions dilemma. The Guardian, January 2. .
. (2006). Field manual FM 3–24, MCWP 3–33.5, Counterinsurgency. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.Google Scholar
. (2007). Naval Warfare Publication, The Commander’s Handbook on The Law of Naval Operations, NWP 1-14M 2007. .
, , .and . (2010). Ongoing traumatic stress response (OTSR) in Sderot, Israel. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 19–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Countering the effects of IED systems in Afghanistan: An integral approach. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 22(02), 385–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Cyber warfare and the laws of war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005) War, aggression and self-defense (4th ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). The international law of belligerent occupation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Terrorism, crime, and transformation. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 24(1), 43–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Applicability of the Additional Protocols to computer network attacks. War Studies, 76. .
(2008). Nonviolent resistance and conflict transformation in power asymmetries. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict ManagementGoogle Scholar
(2013). Dynamics and factors of transition from armed struggle to nonviolent resistance. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 401–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Lawfare: A decisive element of 21st-century conflicts?Joint Force Quarterly, 54, 34–39.Google Scholar
(2001). Against Humanity in East Timor, January to October 1999: Their nature and causes. East Timor Action Network. .
(2009). From armed conflict to war: Ethnic mobilization and conflict intensification. International Studies Quarterly, 53(2), 369–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Recruiting rebels: Indoctrination and political education in Nepal. In and (Eds.), The Maoist insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and growth in the 21st century (pp. 33–51). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(1981). The ethics of propaganda: Propaganda, innocence, and amorality. Communication, 6, 159–175.Google Scholar
(1989). The cement of society: A survey of social order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). BDS in the USA: 2001–2010. In (Ed.), The case for sanctions against Israel (pp. 85–100). London: Verso.Google Scholar
(2012). For Iran’s sick, sanctions turn lethal as drugs vanish. International Herald Tribune, November 3–4, p. 1.
(2006). Hezbollah’s use of Lebanese civilians as human shields. Ramat Hasharon: Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S). .
(2013). Anonymous hits Israel with a massive cyber attack, Israel attacks back. Yahoo News. .
(2012). Gilad Shalit, Freed Israeli soldier, speaks of Hamas captivity. Huffington Post. .
Ethics. (1985). Symposium on ethics and nuclear deterrence. Ethics, 95 (3), 409–739.
(2010). The case for drones. Email posting from Communitarian International Relations, 3.31.2010.
and (2006). The outlook for economic reconstruction in Lebanon after the 2006 war. The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies, 6, 97–111.Google Scholar
. (2000). Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA); Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM). .
(1999). International legal implications of nonlethal weapons. The Michigan Journal of International Law, 21, 51–100.Google Scholar
(2005). The meaning of Moscow: “Nonlethal” weapons and international law in the early 21st century. International Review of the Red Cross, 87. 525–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Legitimacy and non-state political violence. Journal of Political Philosophy, 18(3), 287–312.Google Scholar
(2012). Fairness and liability in the just war: Combatants, non-combatants and lawful irregulars. Political Studies, 61(1), 142–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). Strategic communications. The Adelphi Papers, 45(379), 73–93. .CrossRef
(1990). On the concept of authority in political philosophy. In (Ed.), Authority (pp. 56–91). New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
(2013). Without water, revolution. New York Times, May 19. .
(2000). Peace through nonviolent action: The East Timorese resistance movement’s strategy for engagement. Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & Global Change, 12(1), 17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The Failed State Index: Indicators. .
(2002). ‘Brotherhoods’ and ‘associates’: Chechen networks of crime and resistance. Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement, 11(2–3), 340–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Peace journalism as ethical challenge. *asteriskos, 3/4, 7–16.
(2005). Terrorism as a strategy of psychological warfare. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 9(1–2), 33–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). The impact of economic sanctions on health and well-being. Relief and Rehabilitation Network, London. .
, , and (1995). The health impact of economic sanctions. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 72(2), 454–469.Google ScholarPubMed
(2006). Hezbollah’s Al-Manar: Broadcasting from the bunker. Spiegel Online, August 10. .
, , , and (2012). Protective factors and predictors of vulnerability to chronic stress: A comparative study of 4 communities after 7 years of continuous rocket fire. Social Science & Medicine,74(5), 757–766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. (1949). Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war. Geneva, August 12, 1949.
. (1949). Commentary, convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war. Geneva, August 12, 1949.
(1982). Individual rights and political-military objectives. In (Ed.), Human rights: Essays on justification and applications (pp. 234–255). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
(1998). Good and bad cases for national secession. In (Ed.), Theories of secession (pp. 208–226). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2008). To be an Israeli prisoner of war. Association of Israeli POWs, November 20. (Hebrew). .
(2014). The Taliban’s ‘military courts.’Small Wars & Insurgencies, 25(2), 284–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2003). Improvised explosive devices – Iraq. .
. (nd.a). Hamas funding. .
. (nd. b) Iranian artillery rockets, Fadjr-5 333mm multiple rocket launcher system. .
(2004). From war economy to peace economy? Reconstruction and state building in Afghanistan. Journal of International Affairs, 58(1), 155–174.Google Scholar
(1999a). Economic sanctions, just war doctrine, and the fearful spectacle of the civilian dead. Cross Currents, 49(3), 387–400.Google Scholar
(1999b). A peaceful, silent, deadly remedy: The ethics of economic sanctions. Ethics & International Affairs, 13(1), 123–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Smart sanctions revisited. Ethics & International Affairs, 25, 315–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Peace through sanctions? Lessons from Cuba, former Yugoslavia and Iraq. Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 15(3), 271–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2012). Beyond rational choice: Ideational assault and the use of delegitimation frames in nonviolent revolutionary movements. Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change, 34, 123–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). People’s war? Self-interest, coercion and ideology in Nepal’s Maoist insurgency. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 18(2), 231–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2004). Six soldiers killed by IED explosion in Gaza. Ynet (Hebrew).
(1997). Ethics and activism: The theory and practice of political morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2006). Bioethics and armed conflict: Moral dilemmas of medicine and war. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
(2008). The Second Lebanon War: The question of proportionality and the prospect of nonlethal warfare. Journal of Military Ethics, 7(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010a). Moral dilemmas of modern war: Torture, assassination, and blackmail in an age of asymmetric conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2010b). Medicalized weapons & modern war. Hastings Center Report, 40(1), 34–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2012). Civilian vulnerability in asymmetric conflict: Lessons from the second Lebanon and Gaza Wars. In (Ed.), Civilians and modern war (pp. 146–164). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2013). Force-feeding, autonomy, and the public interest. New England Journal of Medicine, 369,103–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2003). I was a prisoner. Association of Israeli POWs, October 3. (Hebrew). .
(2008). Welfare as warfare: How violent non-state groups use social services to attack the state. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31(4), 350–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Sri Lanka: Feeding the Tamil Tigers. In and (Eds.), The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance (pp. 197–224). London: Rienner.Google Scholar
(2009). Hamas in politics: Democracy, religion, violence. Oxford: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
(2000). Nonviolence in ethnopolitics: Strategies for the attainment of group rights and autonomy. PS: Political Science and Politics, 33(2), 155–160.Google Scholar
(2009). Black, white, and shades of gray: The sixty-year debate over propaganda versus public diplomacy. Journal of Promotion Management, 14(3–4), 309–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2008). Analysis: A hard look at Hamas’ capabilities. Haaretz, December 26. .
(2003). No lessons learned from the Holocaust? Assessing risks of genocide and political mass murder since 1955. American Political Science Review, 97(1), 57–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Information warfare: Technological changes and international law. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 5, 157–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). Combat motivation in non-state armed groups. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20(1), 87–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). A literature review of virtual communities: The relevance of understanding the influence of institutions on online collectives. Information, Communication & Society, 14(1), 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2006). Repression, backfire, and the theory of transformative events. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 11(2). .
, , , and (2011). Global comparison of warring groups in 2002–2007: Fatalities from targeting civilians vs. fighting battles. PloS one, 6(9).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2003). Public relations and propaganda in framing the Iraq war: A preliminary review. Public Relations Review, 29(3), 243–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). East Timor and the Internet: Global political leverage in/on Indonesia. Indonesia, 73, 25–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2009). Cyberbullying: Causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652–665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Attorney General Eric Holder Speaks at Northwestern University School of Law. Chicago, Monday, March 5, 2012. .
(1997). Europe and the Middle East: Power by stealth?International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 73(1), 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). Playing the ‘Green Card’–Financing the provisional IRA: Part 1. Terrorism and Political Violence, 11(2), 1–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Playing the ‘green card’–Financing the provisional IRA: part 2. Terrorism and Political Violence, 15(2), 1–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2009). Guantanamo: Ethics, interrogation, and forced feeding. Military Medicine, 174(1), iv-xiii.Google ScholarPubMed
(2007). The terrorism threat and managing workplaces. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16, 70–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Chechnya: From nationalism to jihad. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Battle losses and rebel violence: Raising the costs for fighting. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 205–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (1991). Evil days: Thirty years of war and famine in Ethiopia. .
. (1995). Russia three months of war in Chechnya. Vol. 7, No. 6. .
. (1997). East Timor – Guerrilla attacks. June 4. .
. (2001). Under orders: War crimes in Kosovo. .
. (2003). International humanitarian law issues in a potential war in Iraq (Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, February 20).
. (2006). Israel/Lebanon: Israel responsible for Qana attack. July 30. .
. (2007a). Civilians under assault: Hezbollah’s rocket attacks on Israel in the 2006 war. .
. (2007b). Why they died: Civilian casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War. .
. (2008–2011). World report, Russia 2008–11. ; ; ; .
. (2010). Gaza: Do not resume executions. .
. (2011–2013). World report, Sri Lanka 2011–2013. ; ; ; .
. (2012). Abusive system: Criminal justice in Gaza. .
. (2013). Human security report 2013, The decline in global violence: Evidence, explanation, and contestation. Vancouver: Human Security Press.
and (2008). Who fights? The determinants of participation in civil war. American Journal of Political Science, 52(2), 436–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
.org. (2014). Coalition military fatalities by year. .
. (2008). Preventing the harming of uninvolved persons. December 27. . Archived with author.
. (2009). Hamas modus operandi – Terrorist shooting from a roof of a house and using children as a human shield. 6 January. . Archived with author.
. (2011). Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
. (nd.). Case Information Sheet, IT-03-66, LIMAJ et al., The Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj, Isak Musliu & Haradin Bala. .
. (1994). Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977: Ratifications, accessions and successions as at 31 December 1994. .
. (2006). A guide to the legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare: Measures to implement Article 36 of Additional Protocol I of 1977. International Review of the Red Cross, 88(864), 931–956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2010). Gaza closure: Not another year! News Release, 10/103, 06-14-2010. .
. (2011). Annex: The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The Layha [Code of conduct For Mujahids]. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(881), 103–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2013). Hunger strikes in prisons: The ICRC’s position. .
. (nd. a). Customary international humanitarian law, Rule 8, definition of military objectives. ).
. (nd. b). Customary international humanitarian law, Rule 65, perfidy.
. (nd. c). Customary international humanitarian law, Rule 62, improper use of the flags or military emblems, insignia or uniforms of the adversary.
. (nd. d). Customary international humanitarian law, Rule 96, hostage taking.
. (nd. e). Customary international humanitarian law, Rule 97, human shields. .
. (1975). Western Sahara, Advisory Opinion. October 16. .
. (1999). The Kosovo Liberation Army. Volume 5, Issue 4. 1999.
. (2006). The military balance 2006. .
. (2011). Effective civil partnerships: Community project yields unlikely find. August 25. .
. (2012). Iraqi deaths from violence 2003-2011. .
. (2005). The Public Committee against Torture in Israel and the Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment v. The Government of Israel and others. Case 769/02.
. (nd.). Analysis of attacks in the last decade, 2000–2010. .
(2009). Rights group: Most Gazans killed in war were civilians. Haaretz, September 9. .
(1995). The Eritrean struggle for independence: Domination, resistance, nationalism, 1941–1993. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. (2007). Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) (Sudan). Jane’s World Insurgency and Terrorism, January 30.
(2012). The Taliban’s wedge strategy. New York Times, August 21. .
(1998). The Sudan People’s Liberation Army and the Problem of Factionalism. In (Ed.), African guerrillas (pp. 53–72). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
(2007). The Taliban insurgency and an analysis of Shabnamah (Night Letters). Small Wars and Insurgencies, 18(3): 317–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Small projects reap large gains in Helmand. ISAF. .
and (1981). Eritrea: The national question and the logic of protracted struggle. African Affairs, 80(319), 181–195.Google Scholar
and (2012). The lengthening list of Iran sanctions. Council on Foreign Relations, July 31. .
(2000). The Kosovo Liberation Army. Perceptions, Sep-Nov, 61–77.
. (2011). Spain court turns over Guantanamo torture investigation to US. The Juris, April 13. .
and (2007). The Israeli – Hezbollah war of 2006: The media as a weapon in asymmetrical conflict. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(3), 43–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997). Introduction. In and , Restructuring the global military sector. Volume 1: New wars (pp. 3–33). New York: Pinter.Google Scholar
(2003). The ontology of “political violence”: Action and identity in civil wars. Perspectives on Politics, 1, 475–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). The logic of violence in civil war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). How “free” is free-riding in civil wars?World Politics, 59(2), 177–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). Guerrillas and civilian participation: The National Resistance Army in Uganda, 1981–86. Journal of Modern African Studies,43(2), 271–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). The right of communities to self-determination. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 23(2), 221–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Security and defense: Protecting the weakest link. The Jerusalem Post, June 1. .
(2010). With fear and trembling: An ethical framework for nonlethal weapons. Journal of Military Ethics, 9(1), 100–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). The prohibition of propaganda for war in international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Hacking into International Humanitarian Law: The principles of distinction and neutrality in the age of cyber warfare. Michigan Law Review, 106(7), 1427–1451.Google Scholar
(1940). How to pay for the War: A radical plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company.Google Scholar
(2010). Street fight on the high seas posted. The New Yorker, January 12. .
(2013). Analysis: For Palestinian prisoners in Israel, hunger strikes have become a winning strategy. Haaretz, April 24. .
(2007). Palestinian youth and political activism: The emerging internet culture and new modes of resistance. Policy Futures in Education, 5(1), 17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). The accidental guerrilla: Fighting small wars in the midst of a big one. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2007). A quiet revolution: The first Palestinian Intifada and nonviolent resistance. New York: Nation Books.Google Scholar
(2000). East Timor to 1999. In (Ed.), Guns and ballot boxes East Timor’s vote for independence (pp. 17–28). Victoria, Australia: Monash Asia Institute.Google Scholar
(2011). NATO strikes at Libyan state TV. New York Times, July 30. .
(1988). Incentives in collective action organizations. American Sociological Review, 53(3), 311–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Targeted killing during the second intifada: The quest for effectiveness. Journal of Conflict Studies, 27(1). .Google Scholar
(2007). The decline of PKK and the viability of a one–state solution in Turkey. Democracy and human rights in multicultural societies. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 4(1), Societies. .Google Scholar
(2011). Recruitment practices of Europe’s last guerrilla: Ethnic mobilization, violence and networks in the recruitment strategy of the Kosovo Liberation Army. Unpublished senior thesis, Yale University.
(2012). After the hunger strike. The New Yorker, November 29. .
, , , and (2009). Fully committed: Suicide bombers’ motivation and the quest for personal significance. Political Psychology, 30(3), 331–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998). Is federalism a viable alternative to secession? In (Ed.), Theories of secession (pp. 109–148). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2006). Non-combatants in Muslim legal thought. Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World, Research Monographs on the Muslim. World Series No 1, Paper No 3, December. Washington, DC: Hudson Institute. .
(2010). Nonlethal weapons, noncombatant immunity, and combatant nonimmunity: A study of just war theory. Philosophia 38(3), 475–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers. Jerusalem Post, March 26. .
(1998). Guerrilla warfare: A historical and critical study. New Brunswick/London: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
(1927). The theory of political propaganda. The American Political Science Review, 21(3), 627–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2014). South Koreans seethe, sue as credit card details swiped. Reuters, January 21. .
(2010). US forces hit target ‘with no civilian deaths’ – but Afghans tell different tale. The Guardian, July 26. .
(2004). Memorandum for James B. Comey, Deputy Attorney General, Re: legal standards applicable under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2340-2340. December 30. .
(2006). Hamas: Politics, charity, and terrorism in the service of jihad. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
(1999). Sanctions on South Africa: What did they do?The American Economic Review, 89(2), 415–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). Assessing the risks of cyber terrorism, cyber war and other cyber threats. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies.Google Scholar
(2010). Thresholds for cyberwar. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. .
(2011). Cyberwar thresholds and effects. Security & Privacy, IEEE 9(5), 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1863). Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). .
and (2006). The Military and the media in the twenty-first century: Towards a new model of relations. Israel Affairs, 12(3), 484–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). The business of insurgency: The expansion of Iraq’s shadow economy. The National Interest, 81, 67–72.Google Scholar
(2012). In defense of smart sanctions: A response to Joy Gordon. Ethics & International Affairs, 26 (1), 135–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1997). Economic sanctions and human rights: Part of the problem or part of the solution?The International Journal of Human Rights, 1(2), 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). Hezbollah: Social services as a source of power (No. JSOU-10-05). Hurlburt Field, FL: Joint Special Operations University.
and (2012). Economic warfare. In (Ed.), Max Planck encyclopedia of public international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .Google Scholar
and (2006). Terrorism as economic warfare. Global Economy Journal, 6(2), 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). The charitable activities of terrorist organizations. Public Choice, 131(1–2), 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Voluntary human shields, direct participation in hostilities and the international humanitarian law obligations of states. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 9, 313–334.Google Scholar
(2007). Propaganda and information warfare in the twenty-first century: Altered images and deception operations. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2012). Attack on pro-Assad television studio raises questions on rules of war. New York Times, June 27. .
(1980). Impact of burglary upon victims. The British Journal of Criminology, 20, 261–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972). Inflation, taxation and equity: How to pay for the war revisited. The Economic Journal, 82(325), 158–169., P. (2010). Ireland revisited week 15. The Examiner, December 21. .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1990). Strategic public diplomacy: The evolution of influence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2009). Terrorism and the internet. Should websites that promote terrorism be shut down?CQ Global Researcher, 3(11), 129–152.Google Scholar
and (1999). The “Republic of Kosovo” (1989–1998) and the resolution of ethno-separatist conflict: rethinking “sovereignty” in the post-cold war era. Working Paper Series #99-01, Political Science Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philidelphia, PA. .
(2007). Blood and belief: The PKK and the Kurdish fight for independence. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
and (1990). National self-determination. The Journal of Philosophy, 87(9), 439–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2005). Radical Maoist insurgents and terrorist tactics: Comparing Peru and Nepal 1. Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement, 13(2), 91–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006/2007) Warlordism in comparative perspective, International Security, 31(3), 41–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Warlords. In and (Eds.), The changing character of war (pp. 302–314). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Patronage versus professionalism in new security institutions. Prism, 2(4), 83–98.Google Scholar
(2009). Dragon’s claws: The improvised explosive device (IED) as a weapon of strategic influence. Unpublished masters’ thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
(1982). Disinformation: An instrumentality in the propaganda arsenal. Political Communication and Persuasion, 2(1), 47–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2009). The logic of warlord politics. Third World Quarterly, 30(1), 81–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). Things come together: Symbolic violence and guerrilla mobilisation. Third World Quarterly, 28(2), 295–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). War journalism and ‘objectivity.’ Conflict & Communication online, 5(2), 1–7. .Google Scholar
and (2004). Where are the Girls? Girls in fighting forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique: Their lives during and after war. Montreal, Canada: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development.Google Scholar
(2009). Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities under international humanitarian law. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross.Google Scholar
(2004). Reformed rebels? Democratization, global norms, and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army. Africa Today, 51(1), 65–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2006). Special dispatch No. 1323. Islamist Websites Monitor no. 7. October 13, clashes between Al-Qaeda in Iraq and Iraqi mujahideen who are not members of Al-Qaeda or of Its Shura Council. .
(1998). Secession and the principle of nationality. In (Ed.), National self-determination and secession (pp. 62–78). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Civil rights and conscription. In and (Eds.), The military draft: Selected readings on conscription (pp. 133–152). Stanford. CA: The Hoover Institute.Google Scholar
and (2008). Shooting the messenger: The politics of war reporting. Sterling, VA: Potomic Books.Google Scholar
(2006). Our very strange day with Hezbollah. CNN. .
(1998). Introduction: The self-determination principle and the ethics of secession. In (Ed.), National self-determination and secession (pp. 1–14). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). The Indonesian military’s last years in East Timor: An analysis of its secret documents. Indonesia, 72, 9–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Taliban sleeper agent kills 9 at Afghan base. Associated Press, April 17 . .
(2007). The rhetoric of public diplomacy and propaganda wars: A view from self-presentation theory. European Journal of Political Research, 46(5), 661–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Credibility talk in public diplomacy. Review of International Studies, 38(2), 393–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975). Che Guevara on guerrilla warfare: Doctrine, practice and evaluation. In (Ed.), Revolutionary guerrilla warfare (pp. 395–420). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
(2011). Righteous victims: A history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881–1998. New York: Random House Digital, Inc.Google Scholar
(2011). State-sponsored cyber terrorism: Georgia’s experience. Presentation to the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies, 1–7.
(2009). Disguised warlordism and combatanthood in Balkh: The persistence of informal power in the formal Afghan state. Conflict, Security & Development, 9(4), 535–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2012). US, Israel developed Flame computer virus to slow Iranian nuclear efforts, officials say. The Washington Post online, 1–4, June 19. .
(2013). Sanctions and medical supply shortages in Iran. Woodrow Wilson Center, Viewpoints, 20. .
(2004). The new economy of terror: How terrorism is financed. In (Ed.), Forum on Crime and Society, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 4 (1, 2), (pp. 31–48). New York: United Nations Publications. Google Scholar
. (2003). An assessment of nonlethal weapons science and technology. Committee for an Assessment of Nonlethal Weapons Science and Technology Naval Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
. (2011). NATO strikes Libyan state TV satellite facility. July 30. .
(2002). Finance warfare as a response to international terrorism. The Political Quarterly, 73(s1), 57–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993). The insurgent economy: Black market operations of guerrilla organizations. Crime, Law and Social Change, 20(1), 13–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988). Boycott and the law of nations: Economic warfare and modern international law in historical perspective. British Yearbook of International Law, 59(1), 113–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). Mutiny and nonviolence in the Arab Spring: Exploring military defections and loyalty in Egypt, Bahrain, and Syria. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 337–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). A not-so-distant horror: Mass violence in East Timor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
(1998). Liberal nationalism and secession. In (Ed.), National self-determination and secession (pp. 103–133). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Martyrs, heroes and warriors: The leadership of East Timor. In and (Eds.), East Timor: Beyond independence (pp. 113–128). Victoria, Australia: Monash University Press.Google Scholar
(2007). The Taliban’s information warfare: A comparative analysis of NATO information operations (info ops) and Taliban information activities. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Defence College.Google Scholar
(2013). Attacks on aid workers rise in Afghanistan, UN says. New York Times, December 4. .
(2003). TV station attack could be illegal. The Guardian, March 26.
, , , and (2011). Summer 2006 war on Lebanon: A lesson in community resilience. Global Public Health, 6(5), 505–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2010). IED casualties mask the real problem: It’s us. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 21(2), 409–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (1981). African [Banjul] charter on human and peoples’ rights, adopted June 27, 1981. OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982). .
(2009). Remarks by the President at the acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. .
(2012). A fighting chance or fighting dirty? Irregular warfare, Michael Gross and the Spartans. European Journal of Political Theory, 11(2): 112–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2013). Civilian care in war: lessons from Afghanistan. In and (Eds.), Military Medical Ethics in the 21st Century (pp. 59–70). London: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
(2012). Where do terror organizations get their money? A case study: Financial resources of the PKK, International Journal of Security and Terrorism, 3(2), 85–102.Google Scholar
(2003). From a ‘terrorist’ group to a ‘civil defence’ corps: The ‘transformation’ of the Kosovo Liberation Army. International Peacekeeping, 10(3), 79–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2009). The dead in the course of the Israeli recent military offensive on the Gaza strip between 27 December 2008 and 18, January 2009. March 19, 2009. .
(1997). Why economic sanctions do not work. International Security, 22(2), 90–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). Dying to win: The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. New York: Random House Digital, Inc.Google Scholar
(2009). Cyberterrorism: The emerging worldwide threat. In (Ed.), The faces of terrorism: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 245–66). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
, and (2003). Altruism and fatalism: The characteristics of Palestinian suicide terrorists. Deviant Behavior, 24(4), 405–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Armed violence and poverty in Chechnya: Mini case study for the armed violence and poverty initiative. Bradford, UK: University of Bradford, Center for International Cooperation and Security.
(2009). Better or worse? The effect of economic sanctions on human rights. Journal of Peace Research, 46(1), 59–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). International law and the search for universal principles in journalism ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 17(3), 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Kosovo Liberation Army: The inside story of an insurgency. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
(2010). IO on the counterinsurgency battlefield: Three case studies. Global Security Studies, l(2), 100–114.Google Scholar
(2010). The Gaza disengagement: Five years later. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 4(3), 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Chechen use of the internet in the Russo-Chechen conflict. Fort Leavenworth KS: Army Command and General Staff College.Google Scholar
. (2007). Journalists in Iraq – A survey of reporters on the front lines embedding. The Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism. November 28. .
(2009).The business of kidnap for ransom. In (Ed.), The faces of terrorism: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 189–206). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
(1998). Self-determination in practice. In (Ed.), National self-determination and secession (pp. 79–102). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2008). Holding health to ransom: GSS interrogation and extortion of Palestinian patients at Erez Crossing. .
. (2010). Humanitarian minimum: Israel’s role in creating food and water insecurity in the Gaza Strip. .
1985. Development and principles of international humanitarian law. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
and (1997). East Timor’s unfinished struggle: Inside the Timorese resistance. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
(2005). The propaganda war on terrorism: an analysis of the United States’ “shared values” public-diplomacy campaign after September 11, 2001. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 20(4), 250–268.CrossRef
Plata v. Brown. (2013). United States District Court, Northern District of California, C01-1351 THE, August 19.
(2003). A small corner of hell: Dispatches from Chechnya. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). The Muhammad al-Dura hoax and other myths revived. Middle East Quarterly. .
(2009). Public diplomacy in international conflicts. In and (Eds.), Routledge handbook of public diplomacy (pp. 111–154). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
. (2003). On embedding media during possible future operations/deployments in the U.S. Central Commands (CENTCOM) area of responsibility, February. .
, , and (2004). War economies in a regional context: The challenges of transformation. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
(2004). The emergence of the Kosovo “parallel state,” 1988–1992. Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, 32(4), 797–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Rebels of the frontier: Origins, organization, and recruitment of the Pakistani Taliban. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 22(4), 574–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Don’t arm the KLA. FPRI (Foreign Policy Research Institute), April 6. .
(2009). Does terrorism create terror?Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2(2), 165–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). The law of peoples: With “the idea of public reason revisited.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
(2000). Strategic nonviolent conflict in Kosovo. Peace & Change, 25(1), 70–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The status and treatment of detainees in Russian Chechen campaigns. In (Ed.), Prisoners in war (pp. 205–218). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. (2007). FACTBOX-War in Lebanon, one year ago. July 9. .
and (2009). War 2.0: Irregular warfare in the information age. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
(2011). Shooter in Afghan army uniform kills NATO troops. Associated Press. July 16. .
(1997). The legacy of the past: The problem of collaborators and the Palestinian case. Jerusalem: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.Google Scholar
(2010). Palestinian resistance and nonviolence. Jerusalem: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.Google Scholar
, and (2013). Fear of cyber-identity theft and related fraudulent activity. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(3), 315–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). America’s economic way of war: War and the US economy from the Spanish-American War to the Persian Gulf War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Kosovo: Where it all began. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 17(1), 167–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Political violence and economic targeting aspects of provisional IRA strategy, 1992–7. Civil Wars, 3(4), 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(nd.). Provincial development council discusses projects in Ghazni. ISAF (International Security Assistance Force). .
. (2010). Annex I, Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on the crime of aggression, Article 8 bis Crime of aggression, paragraph 2, 11 June.
. (2002). .
and (2012). Abandoning hopes for Taliban peace deal. New York Times, October 2. .
(2005). Resources and rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. In and (Eds.), Understanding civil war: Evidence and analysis – Europe, Central Asia, and other regions (pp. 39–62). Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.Google Scholar
and (2012). Suicide attack kills 9 in Eastern Afghanistan. New York Times, February 28. .
(2006). In the land of the Taliban. New York Times, October 22.
(2010). Hizbullah terrorism finance: Fund-raising and money-laundering. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33(8), 700–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987). Ethiopian guerrillas raid food convoy, halting drought aid. New York Times, October 27. .
. (2009). Reforming the Afghan National Police. A joint report of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (London) and the Foreign Policy Research Institute (Philadelphia). .
(1969b). Who pays for defense?The American Political Science Review, 63(2), 412–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2011). Libyan TV still on air despite NATO bombing. Reuters, July 30. .
and (1989). Political violence and Eritrean health care. Social Science & Medicine, 28(7), 677–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(Ed.). (1975). Revolutionary guerrilla warfare. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
(2007). Defensive propaganda and IRA political control in Republican communities. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 30(12), 1073–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Introducing a sliding-scale of obligations to address the fundamental inequality between armed groups and states?International Review of the Red Cross, 93 (882), 426–431.Google Scholar
, and (2011). How does law protect in war? Cases, documents and teaching materials on contemporary practice (3rd ed., vol. 1). Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross.
(2009). Cyber warfare operations: Development and use under international law. Air Force Law Review, 64, 121–173.Google Scholar
(2010). Introduction: Prisoners in war. In (Ed.), Prisoners in war (pp. 1–22). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
and (1991). Intifada: The Palestinian uprising-Israel’s third front. New York: Touchstone Books.Google Scholar
(1979). Wars of national liberation. The different types of armed conflicts according to the Geneva conventions and protocols. In Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, 117–164. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
(2005). Terrorism as psychological warfare. Democracy and Security, 1(2), 137–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Direct Participation in hostilities and 21st century armed conflict. In (Ed.), Krisensicherung und Humanitärer Schutz (Crisis management and humanitarian protection) (pp. 505–509). Berlin: Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag.Google Scholar
(2005). Precision attack and international humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross, 87(859), 445–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). Human shields in international humanitarian law. Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 38, 17–59.Google Scholar
(2010a). Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities: A critical analysis. The Harvard National Security Journal, 1, 5–44.Google Scholar
(2010b). Deconstructing direct participation in hostilities: The constitutive elements. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 42, 697–739.Google Scholar
(2011). Cyber operations and the jus in bello. Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 41, 113–135.Google Scholar
(Ed.). (2013). Tallinn manual on the international law applicable to cyber warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). People power and political opportunities: Social movement mobilization and outcomes in the Philippines and Burma. Social Problems, 46(3), 355–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). The practice and study of civil resistance. Journal of Peace Research, 50, 277–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). The struggle for an independent Aceh: The ideology, capacity, and strategy of GAM. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 26(4), 241–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). The free Aceh movement (GAM): Anatomy of a separatist organization. Washington, DC: Policy Studies, East-West Center.Google Scholar
. (2009). What you need to know about qassams. March 3. .
(2001). Russo-Chechen conflict: 1800–2000; A deadly embrace. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
(2009). Public diplomacy and journalism parallels, ethical issues, and practical concerns. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(5), 772–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). The intifadah and nonviolent struggle. Journal of Palestine Studies, 19(1), 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013) The Jewish hero history forgot. New York Times, April 18. .
(1998). Discrimination in the laws of information warfare. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37, 939–968.Google Scholar
and (2006). Insurgents, terrorists, and militias: The warriors of contemporary combat. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
, , , and (2002). Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(10), 1235–1244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2010). Fears of terrorism and future threat: theoretical and empirical considerations. In (Eds.), Interdisciplinary analyses of terrorism and political aggression (pp. 101–115). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars PublishingGoogle Scholar
and (2012a). The psychology of terrorism fears. Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). Fearing future terrorism: Development, validation, and psychometric testing of the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS). Traumatology, 13, 75–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Courts of armed opposition groups fair trials or summary justice?Journal of International Criminal Justice, 7(3), 489–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Lessons for the law of armed conflict from commitments of armed groups: Identification of legitimate targets and prisoners of war. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(882), 463–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Just war criteria and the new face of war: Human shields, manufactured martyrs, and little boys with stones. Journal of Military Ethics, 3(1), 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2012). Just war moral philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli campaign in Gaza. International Security, 37(2), 44–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (1996). Code of ethics. .
(2007). The Western Sahara cul-de-sac. Mediterranean Politics, 12(3), 399–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2010). The law of armed conflict: International humanitarian law in war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1970). Weber on legitimate norms and authority. The British Journal of Sociology, 21(2), 123–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2006). Soft powers play hardball: NGOs wage war against Israel. Israel Affairs, 12(4), 748–768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). The politics of NGOs, human rights and the Arab-Israel conflict. Israel Studies, 16(2), 24–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). How can terrorism be justified? In (Ed.), Terrorism: The philosophical issues (pp. 97–112). Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). Fighting for statehood: The role of civilian-based resistance in the East Timorese, Palestinian, and Kosovo Albanian self-determination movements. Fletcher Forum for World Affairs, 30(2), 57–80.Google Scholar
and (2008). Why civil resistance works: The strategic logic of nonviolent conflict. International Security, 33(1), 7–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2006). A battlefield transformed: from guerrilla resistance to mass nonviolent struggle in the Western Sahara. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 8(3).Google Scholar
(1990). Objectivity in journalism: A search and a reassessment. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 67(4), 973–983.Google Scholar
(1984). An international law of guerrilla warfare: The global politics of law-making. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
and (2011). Community and consent: Unarmed insurrections in non-democracies. European Journal of International Relations, 17(1), 97–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Cyber terror. .
(2003). The liberal case for humanitarian intervention. In and (Eds.), Humanitarian intervention: Ethical, legal and political dilemmas (pp. 93–129). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). A new agency: The origins and expansion of CIA covert operations. In (Ed.), The Central Intelligence Agency: Security under scrutiny (pp. 155–188). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar
(1974) Trends in Soviet support for African liberation. Air University Review, July-August. .
(2000). Manipulating the mass consciousness: Russian & Chechen “information war” tactics in the Second Chechen-Russian conflict. In (Ed.), The Second Chechen War (pp. 112–129). Shrivenham, Wilts: Strategic and Combat Studies Institute (Great Britain).Google Scholar
(2010). The Taliban in southern Afghanistan: A localised insurgency with a local objective. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 21(2), 259–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Chechnya: Life in a war-torn society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2011). Detention by armed groups: Overcoming challenges to humanitarian action. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(883), 759–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981). Politics and propaganda of the Provisional IRA. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 5(1–2), 13–40.Google Scholar
. (2010). Turkel Commission report, summary, report of the public commission to examine the maritime incident of 31 May 2010 – Part One. Jerusalem: The Public Commission To Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010. .
. (1999). Update. September 23. .
. (2004). A more secure world: our shared responsibility, report of the high-level panel on threats, challenges and change. New York: The United Nations.Google Scholar
. (2012). Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. Five years of blockade: The humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip. June.
. (2012). Afghanistan: Annual report 2011, Protection of civilians in armed conflict, February 2012. Accessed .
. (1947). Resolution 181, November 29. (Partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states).
. (1966). Resolution 2229 [XXI], December 20. (Western Sahara).
. (1972). Resolution 2983, December 14. (Western Sahara).
. (1975). Resolution 3485 (XXX), December 12. (Question of Timor).
. (1976). Resolution 389, Adopted by the Security Council at its 1914th meeting, on April 22, 1976, S/RES/389.
. (2005). World summit outcome, A/60/L.1 Paragraph 139. .
. (2009). Human rights in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories. Report of the UN fact-finding mission on the Gaza conflict (The “Goldstone Report”). A/HRC/12/48, September 25. .
. (2011). UN official deplores NATO attack on Libyan television station, 8. August.
. (2011). Occupied Palestinian territory, special focus. .
. (2012). Five years of blockade. .
. (2011). Report of the Secretary-General’s Panel of Inquiry on the 31 May 2010 Flotilla Incident. New York: United Nations. .
. (2012). Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara. United Nations S/2012/197, April 5.
. (1990). Resolution 661: The Situation between Iraq and Kuwait. U.N. Doc. S/RES/661.
. (2006). Title 18, Part I, Chapter 115, § 2381 – Treason. .
. (2009). Title 10§ 948a(7), (Supp. III 2009). Definitions: Unprivileged enemy belligerent.
. (2010). Taliban fights back with bombs, using civilians as human shields. USA TODAY, February 18. .
and (2007). Editorial: Armed conflict, war and public health. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12(8), 903–906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2000). Can terrorism be justified? In (Ed.), Ethics in international affairs (pp. 65–80). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
(1976). Guerrilla warfare and humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross, 16(183), 277–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). Cyber cafes in Sri Lanka: Tamil virtual communities. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(36), 3988–3991.Google Scholar
. (2012). ‘Lawfare’ loses big. The Wall Street Journal, January 28.
(1977). Just and unjust wars: A moral argument with historical illustrations. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
(2004). After 9/11: Five questions about terrorism. In , Arguing about war (pp. 130–142). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
(1999). Sanctions as a foreign policy tool: Weighing humanitarian impulses. Journal of Peace Research, 36(5), 499–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). Third world colonialism and strategies of liberation: Eritrea and East Timor compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(1995). A defense of secession and political self-determination. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 24(2), 142–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Grasping the financing and mobilization cost of armed groups: A new perspective on conflict dynamics. Contemporary Security Policy, 30(2), 265–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2010). Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan A63/INF.DOC./J 13.
(2011). Sri Lanka’s ghosts of war. New York Times, December 30. .
(2007). Terrorist financing and organized crime: Nexus, appropriation of transformation. In and (Eds.), Countering the financing of terrorism (pp. 126–149). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2006). Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Iraq and Afghanistan: Effects and countermeasures. CRS Report for Congress, The Library of Congress. .
(1988). International law and the use of force by national liberation movements. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
(1991). Political mobilization and nationalist movements: The case of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. Africa Today, 38(2), 31–42.Google Scholar
(2010). Rebel capability and strategic violence against civilians. Journal of Peace Research, 47(5), 601–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (2006) Declaration of Malta on Hunger Strikers. .
and (1991). Propaganda and justice administration in Northern Ireland. Terrorism and Political Violence, 3(2), 25–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). Post-traumatic stress disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(2), 108–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (2005). Pathological responses to terrorism. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(10), 1793–1805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2010). Historical background. In and (Eds.), The Kurdish conflict: International humanitarian law and post-conflict mechanisms (pp. 4–28). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2004). Political terrorism as a weapon of the politically powerless. In (Ed.), Terrorism: The philosophical issues (pp. 55–64). Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2013). Legitimate authority and the war against Al-Qaida. In Jr., , and (Eds.), Just war: Authority, tradition and practice (pp. 97–114). Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
(2012). Resilience and vulnerability in coping with stress and terrorism. Israel Medical Association Journal, 14, 307–309.Google ScholarPubMed
(1999). Unarmed resistance in the Middle East and North Africa. In , , and (Eds.), Nonviolent social movements: A geographical perspective (pp. 41–51). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar