Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T10:46:03.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Emergent gravity and dark energy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

Thanu Padmanabhan
Affiliation:
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente
Affiliation:
Universitat de Barcelona
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Dark Energy
Observational and Theoretical Approaches
, pp. 119 - 148
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, L.F., and Wise, M. B. (1984). Nucl. Phys. B 244, 541.CrossRef
Akbar, M. (2007). [hep-th/0702029].
Akbar, M., and Cai, R.-G. (2006a). [hep-th/0609128].
Akbar, M., and Cai, R.-G. (2006b). [gr-qc/0612089].
Alabidi, L., and Lyth, D. H. (2005). [astro-ph/0510441].
Albrecht, A., and Steinhardt, P.J. (1982). Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1220.CrossRef
Alcaniz, J. S. (2006). [astro-ph/0608631].
Allemandi, G., et al. (2003). [gr-qc/0308019].
Andrianov, A.A., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0711.4300].
Ashtekar, A., et al. (1992). Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 237.CrossRef
Astier, P., et al. (2006). Astron. Astrophys. 447, 31 [astro-ph/051044刀.CrossRef
Bagla, J. S., and Padmanabhan, T. (1994). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 266, 227 [gr-qc/ 9304021].CrossRef
Bagla, J. S., and Padmanabhan, T. (1997a). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 286, 1023 [astro-ph/9605202].CrossRef
Bagla, J. S., and Padmanabhan, T. (1997b). Pramana 49, 161 [astro-ph/0411730].CrossRef
Bagla, J.S., Padmanabhan, T., and Narlikar, J. V. (1996). Comments Astrophys. 18, 275 [astro-ph/9511102].
Bagla, J. S., et al. (1998). Astrophys. J. 495, 25 [astro-ph/9707330].CrossRef
Bagla, J. S., et al. (2003). Phys. Rev. D 67, 063504 [astro-ph/0212198].CrossRef
Bagla, J.S. (2004). [astro-ph/0411043].
Balbi, A., et al. (2000). Astrophys. J. 545, L1.CrossRef
Barcelo, C., et al. (2001). Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 10, 799 [gr-qc/0106002].CrossRef
Bardeen, J.M., et al. (1983). Phys. Rev D 28, 679.CrossRef
Barris, B. J. (2004). Astrophys. J 602, 571.CrossRef
Barrow, J.D. (2006). [gr-qc/0612128].
Bennett, C., et al. (2003). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 1.CrossRef
Brainerd, T. G., et al. (1993). Astrophys. J. 418, 570.CrossRef
Buchert, T. (2007). [arXiv:0707.2153].
Cai, R.-G., and Cao, L.-M. (2006). [gr-qc/0611071].
Calcagni, G., and Liddle, A. R. (2006). [astro-ph/0606003].
Calmet, X., et al. (2004). Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 211101 [hep-th/0505144].CrossRef
Cannata, F., and Kamenshchik, A.Y. (2006). [gr-qc/0603129].
Cannata, F., and Kamenshchik, A.Y. (2008). [arXiv:0801.2348].
Capozziello, S. (2007). [arXiv:0706.3587].
Carneiro, S., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0605607].
Chattopadhyay, S., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0712.3107].
Choudhury, T. R., and Padmanabhan, T. (2005). Astron. Astrophys. 429, 807 [astro-ph/0311622].CrossRef
Conley, A., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0705.0367v1].
Copeland, E.J., et al. (2006). Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15, 1753 (2006).CrossRef
Costa, F.E.M., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0708.3800].
Cremades, D., et al. (2006). [hep-th/0608174].
Das, A., et al. (2006). [gr-qc/0610097].
de Bernardis, P., et al. (2000). Nature (London) 404, 955.CrossRef
de Putter, R, and Linder, E. V. (2007). [arXiv:0705.0400].
DeWitt, B. S. (1964). Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 114.CrossRef
DeWitt, B. S. (1979). In General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, S.W. Hawking and W. Israel, Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 680.Google Scholar
Dolgov, A. D. (2006). [hep-ph/0606230].
Efstathiou, G., et al. (1990). Nature (London) 348, 705.CrossRef
Efstathiou, G., et al. (1992). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 258, 1.CrossRef
Elizalde, E., et al. (2005). [hep-th/0502082].
Ellis, G. F. R., and Buchert, T. (2005). Phys. Lett. A 347, 38.CrossRef
Ellis, G. F. R., and Madsen, M. S. (1991). Class. Quant. Grav. 8, 667 (1991).CrossRef
Engineer, S., et al. (2000). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 314, 279 [astro-ph/9812452].CrossRef
Fabris, J. C., et al. (2006). [gr-qc/0609017].
Fang, W., et al. (2006). [hep-th/0606033].
Fontanini, M., et al. (2006). Phys. Lett. B 633, 627 [hep-th/0509090].CrossRef
Freedman, W., et al. (2001). Astrophys. J. 553, 47.CrossRef
Fulling, S. A. (1973). Phys.Rev. D 7, 2850CrossRef
Fuzfa, A., and Alimi, J.-M. (2006). [astro-ph/0611284].
Gannouji, R., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0606287].
Gao, C.J., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0605682].
Garay, L. J. (1995). Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 10, 145.CrossRef
Ge, X.-H. (2007). [hep-th/0703253].
Gibbons, G.W., and Hawking, S.W. (1977). Phys. Rev. D 15, 2738.CrossRef
Grande, J., et al. (2006). [gr-qc/0604057].
Gu, J. (2008). [arXhiv:0801.4737].
Gurbatov, S. N., et al. (1989). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 236, 385.CrossRef
Guth, A. H. (1981). Phys.Rev. D 23, 347.CrossRef
Guth, A. H and Pi, S.-Y. (1982). Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1110.CrossRef
Hamilton, A. J. S., et al. (1991). Astrophys. J. 374, L1.CrossRef
Hanany, S., et al. (2000). Astrophys. J. 545, L5.CrossRef
Hannestad, S. (2006). Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21, 1938.CrossRef
Hawking, S.W. (1982). Phys. Lett. B 115, 295.CrossRef
Hirata, C. M., and Seljak, U. (2005). Phys. Rev. D 72, 083501.CrossRef
Huang, C.-G., and Sun, J.-R. (2007). [gr-qc/0701078].
Ishibashi, A., and Wald, R. M. (2006). Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 235.CrossRef
Jacobson, T. (1995). Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260.CrossRef
Jain, D., et al. (2007). Phys. Lett. B 656, 15 [arXiv:0709.4234].CrossRef
Jassal, H. K., et al. (2005a). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 356, L11 [astro-ph/0404378].CrossRef
Jassal, H. K., et al. (2005b). Phys. Rev. D 72, 103503 [astro-ph/0506748].CrossRef
Jassal, H.K., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0601389].
Jha, S., et al. (2007). Astrophys. J. 659, 122.CrossRef
Johri, V.V., and Rath, P.K. (2006). Phys. Rev. D 74, 123516 [astro-ph/0603786].CrossRef
Kanekar, N., et al. (2001). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324, 988 [astro-ph/0101562].CrossRef
Kazanas, D. (1980). Astrophys. J. Lett. 241, 59.CrossRef
Kolb, E.W., et al. (2005a). [astro-ph/0506534]
Kolb, E.W., et al. (2005b). [hep-th/0503117].
Kothawala, D., Sarkar, S., and Padmanabhan, T. (2007). Phys. Lett. B 652, 338 [gr-qc/0701002].CrossRef
Lanczos, C. (1932). Z. Phys. 73, 147.CrossRef
Lanczos, C. (1938). Ann. Math. 39, 842.CrossRef
Lima, J.A.S., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0611007].
Linde, A. D. (1982). Phys. Lett. B 108, 389.CrossRef
Lindesay, J.V., et al. (2004). [astro-ph/0412477].
Losic, B., and Unruh, W. G. (2005). Phys. Rev. D 72, 123510.CrossRef
Lovelock, D. (1971). J. Math. Phys. 12, 498.CrossRef
Mahajan, G., et al. (2006). Phys. Lett. B 641, 6 [astro-ph/0604265].CrossRef
Makela, J. (2007). [gr-qc/0701128].
Mason, B. S., et al. (2003). Astrophys. J. 591, 540.CrossRef
Mottola, E., and Vaulin, R. (2006). [gr-qc/0604051].
Mould, J. R., et al. (2000). Astrophys. J. 529, 786.CrossRef
Movahed, M.S., et al. (2007). [astro-ph/0701339].
Mukhopadhyay, A., and Padmanabhan, T. (2006). Phys.Rev. D 74, 124023 [hep-th/0608120].
Munshi, D., et al. (1997). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 290, 193 [astro-ph/9606170].CrossRef
Myung, Y. S. (2004). [hep-th/0412224].
Narlikar, J. V., and Padmanabhan, T. (1991). Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 29, 325.CrossRef
Nesseris, S., and Perivolaropoulos, L. (2007). JCAP 0702, 025.
Nityananda, R., and Padmanabhan, T. (1994). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 271, 976 [gr-qc/9304022].CrossRef
Nobbenhuis, S. (2006). [gr-qc/0609011].
Nojiri, S., and Odintsov, S.D. (2006a). [hep-th/0601213].
Nojiri, S., and Odintsov, S.D. (2006b). [hep-th/0606025].
Ostriker, J. P., and Steinhardt, P. J. (1995). Nature (London) 377, 600.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1985a). Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 165, 38.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1985b). Class. Quant. Grav. 2, 117.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1987a). Gen. Relat. Grav. 19, 927.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1987b). Class. Quant. Grav. 4, L107.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1988). Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2229.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1996). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 278, L29 [astro-ph/9508124].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1997). Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1854 [hep-th/9608182].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1998a). Phys.Rev.D 57, 6206.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1998b). Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4297 [hep-th/9801015].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (1999). Phys. Rev. D 59, 124012 [hep-th/9801138].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2002a). Phys. Rev. D 66, 021301 [hep-th/0204150].
Padmanabhan, T. (2002b). Class. Quant. Grav. 19, L167 [gr-qc/0204020].
Padmanabhan, T. (2002c). Gen. Relat. Grav. 34, 2029 (2002) [gr-qc/0205090].
Padmanabhan, T. (2002d). Mod. Phys. Lett. A 17, 1147 [hep-th/0205278].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2002e). Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 5387 [gr-qc/0204019].
Padmanabhan, T. (2003a). Phys. Rep. 380, 235 [hep-th/0212290].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2003b). Gen. Relat. Grav. 35, 2097.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2003c). Mod. Phys. Lett. A 18, 2903 (2003) [hep-th/0302068].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2004a). Mod. Phys. Lett. A 19, 2637 [gr-qc/0405072].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2004b). Class. Quant. Grav. 21, L1 [gr-qc/0310027].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2004c). Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 13, 2293 [gr-qc/0408051].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2004d). Class. Quant. Grav. 21, 4485 (2004) [gr-qc/0308070].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2005a). In 100 Years of Relativity – Space-time Structure: Einstein and Beyond, A. Ashtekar, Ed. Singapore: World Scientific, p. 175 [gr-qc/0503107].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padmanabhan, T. (2005b). [astro-ph/0512077].
Padmanabhan, T. (2005c). Curr. Sci. 88, 1057 [astro-ph/0411044].
Padmanabhan, T. (2005d). Gravity: a new holographic perspective (Lecture at the International Conference on Einstein's Legacy in the New Millennium, Puri, India, Dec. 2005)Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15, 1659 [gr-qc/0606061].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padmanabhan, T. (2005e). Class. Quant. Grav. 22, L107 [hep-th/0406060].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2005f). Brazilian J. Phys. (Special Issue) 35, 362 [gr-qc/0412068].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2005g). Phys. Rep. 406, 49 [gr-qc/0311036].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2005h). Int. J. Mod. Phys D 14, 2263-2270 [gr-qc/0510015].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2006a). AIP Conf. Proc. 843, 111 [astro-ph/0602117].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2006b). Gravity's Immunity from Vacuum: The Holographic Structure of Semiclassical Action, Third prize essay; Gravity Essay Contest.
Padmanabhan, T. (2006c). Gen. Relat. Grav. 38, 1547.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2006d). Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15, 2029 [gr-qc/0609012].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T. (2006e). AIP Conf. Proc. 861, 858 [astro-ph/0603114].
Padmanabhan, T. (2007). In Gravity as an Emergent Phenomenon: A Conceptual Description, AIP Conf. Proc. 989, 114 [arXiv:0706.1654].
Padmanabhan, T. (2008). Gen. Relat. Grav. 40, 529 [arXiv:0705.2533].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Choudhury, T. R. (2000). Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15, 1813 [gr-qc/0006018].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Choudhury, T. R. (2002). Phys. Rev. D 66, 081301 [hep-th/0205055].
Padmanabhan, T., and Choudhury, T. R. (2003). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 344, 823 [astro-ph/0212573].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Engineer, S. (1998). Astrophys. J. 493, 509 [astro-ph/9704224].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Narasimha, D. (1992). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 259, 41P.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Paranjape, A. (2007). Phys. Rev. D 75, 064004 [gr-qc/0701003].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Ray, S. (2006). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 372, L53 [astro-ph/0511596].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Sethi, S. (2001). Astrophys. J. 555, 125 [astro-ph/0010309].CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., and Singh, T.P. (1987). Class. Quant. Grav 4, 1397.CrossRef
Padmanabhan, T., Seshadri, T. R., and Singh, T. P. (1989). Phys.Rev. D 39, 2100.
Padmanabhan, T., et al (1996). Astrophys J 466, 604 [astro-ph/9506051].CrossRef
Panigrahi, K.L., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0708.1679].
Panotopoulos, G. (2006). [astro-ph/0606249].
Panotopoulos, G. (2007). [arXiv:0712.1177].
Papantonopoulos, E., et al. (2006). [hep-th/0601152].
Paranjape, A., and Singh, T.P. (2008). [arXiv:0801.1546].
Paranjape, A., Sarkar, S., and Padmanabhan, T. (2006). Phys. Rev. D 74, 104015 [hep-th/0607240].CrossRef
Pearson, T.J., et al. (2003). Astrophys. J. 591, 556.CrossRef
Percival, W. J., et al. (2001). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 327, 1297.CrossRef
Percival, W. J., et al. (2002). Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 337, 1068.CrossRef
Perivolaropoulos, L. (2006). AIP Conf. Proc. 848, 698.CrossRef
Perlmutter, S. J., et al. (1999). Astrophys. J. 517, 565.CrossRef
Rasanen, S. (2004). JCAP 0402, 003.
Ren, J., et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0610266].
Riess, A.G., et al. (1998). Astron. J. 116, 1009.CrossRef
Riess, A. G., et al. (2004). Astrophys. J. 607, 665.CrossRef
Sakharov, A.D. (1968). Sov. Phys. Dokl. 12, 1040.
Sarkar, S. (1996). Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1493.CrossRef
Schunck, F.E., and Mielke, E.W. (1994). Phys. Rev. D 50, 4794.CrossRef
Sen, A. A. (2006). [gr-qc/0604050].
Setare, M. R. (2006). Phys. Lett. B 642, 1.CrossRef
Setare, M. R. (2007). Phys. Lett. B 644, 99.CrossRef
Setare, M.R., and Vagenas, E.C. (2008). [arXiv:0801.4478].
Shao, Y., et al. (2007). [gr-qc/0703112].
Shapiro, I.L. (2008). [arXiv:0801.0216].
Sheykhi, A., et al. (2007). [hep-th/0701198].
Smoot, G. F., et al. (1992). Astrophys. J. 396, L1.CrossRef
Snyder, H. S. (1947). Phys. Rev. 71, 38.CrossRef
Sola, S., and Stefancic, H. (2006). Mod. Phys. Lett. A A21, 479.CrossRef
Sola, J. (2007). [arXiv:0710.4151].
Sorkin, D. (1997). Inl. J. Theor. Phys. 36, 2759.CrossRef
Spergel, D. N., et al. (2003). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 175.CrossRef
Spergel, D. N, et al. (2006). [astro-ph/0603449].
Srinivasan, K., et al. (1998). Phys.Rev. D 58, 044009 [gr-qc/9710104].CrossRef
Srinivasan, K., et al. (1999). Phys. Rev. D 60, 24007 [gr-qc/9812028].CrossRef
Sriramkumar, L., and Padmanabhan, T. (2005). Phys. Rev. D 71, 103512 [gr-qc/0408034].CrossRef
Sriramkumar, L., et al. (2002). Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 11, 1 [gr-qc/9903054].CrossRef
Starobinsky, A.A. (1979). JETP Lett. 30, 682.
Starobinsky, A.A. (1981). Phys. Lett. B 91, 99.CrossRef
Starobinsky, A.A. (1982). Phys. Lett. B 117, 175.CrossRef
Stojkovic, D., et al. (2007). [hep-ph/0703246].
Tatekawa, T. (2004). [astro-ph/0412025].
Tonry, J.L., et al. (2002). Astrophys. J. 594, 1.CrossRef
Unruh, W. G. (1976). Phys. Rev. D 14, 870.CrossRef
Visser, M. (2002). Mod. Phys. Lett. A 17, 977 [gr-qc/0204062].CrossRef
Volovik, G.E. (2001). Phys. Rep. 351, 195.CrossRef
Volovik, G. E. (2003). The Universe in a Helium Droplet,Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Volovik, G.E. (2004). [gr-qc/0405012].
Volovik, G. E. (2006). [gr-qc/0604062].
Wang, M. (2006). [hep-th/0601189].
Wang, Y., and Mukherjee, P. (2007). Phys. Rev. D 76, 103533.CrossRef
Wang, X., et al. (2002). Phys. Rev. D 65, 123001.
Yoneya, T. (1976). Prog. Theor. Phys. 56, 1310.CrossRef
Zalaletdinov, R.M. (1992). Gen. Relat. Grav. 24, 1015.CrossRef
Zeldovich, Ya. B. (1970). Astron. Astrophys. 5, 84.
Zhang, J., et al. (2008). [arXiv:0801.2809].
Zhou, J., et al. (2007). [arXiv:0705.1264].

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×