Ahmed, Rukhsana, and Bates, Benjamin. 2013. “Communicating Health through Mass Media: An Overview.” In Health Communication and Mass Media, ed. Ahmed, Rukhsana and Bates, Benjamin. Gower Publishing.

Aldrich, John H. 1995. Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. University of Chicago Press.

Anderson, William D., Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Sinclair-Chapman, Valeria. 2003. “The Keys to Legislative Success in the US House of Representatives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28:357–86.Google Scholar

Bachrach, Peter, and Baratz, Morton S.. 1970. Power and Poverty: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.

Bai, Matt. 2008. “Is Obama the End of Black Politics?” New York Times Magazine, 10.

Baker, Andy, and Cook, Corey. 2005. “Representing Black Interests and Promoting Black Culture.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 2:1–20.Google Scholar

Barack, Obama. 2009. “Remarks Prior to Press Secretary Robert L. Gibbs's Briefing.” In Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, July 24, 2009. Government Printing Office.

Baron, Andrew Scott, and Banaji, Mahzarin R.. 2006. “The Development of Implicit Attitudes Evidence of Race Evaluations from Ages 6 and 10 and Adulthood.” Psychological Science 17:53–8.Google Scholar

Baron, Reuben M, and Kenny, David A. 1986. “The Moderator–mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51:1173.Google Scholar

Barrón-Cedeno, Alberto, Rosso, Paolo, and Benedí, José-Miguel. 2009. “Reducing the Plagiarism Detection Search Space on the Basis of the Kullback-Leibler Distance.” In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, Springer.

Bessette, Joseph M. 1994. The Mild Voice of Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Betancourt, Joseph R., and King, Roderick K.. 2003. “Unequal Treatment: The Institute of Medicine Report and Its Public Health Implications.” Public Health Reports 118:287.Google Scholar

Bevir, Mark. 2012. Governance: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.

Blumenthal, Sidney. 1980. The Permanent Campaign: Inside the World of Elite Political Operatives. Beacon Press.

Bobo, Lawrence. 1997. “Race, Public Opinion, and the Social Sphere.” Public Opinion Quarterly 61:1–15.Google Scholar

Bobo, Lawrence D., and Dawson, Michael C.. 2009. “A Change Has Come.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6:1–14.Google Scholar

Bobo, Lawrence, and Kluegel, James R.. 1993. “Opposition to Race-Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes?” American Sociological Review443–64.Google Scholar

Bobo, Lawrence, Kluegel, James R., and Smith, Ryan A.. 1997. “Laissez-Faire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler, Antiblack Ideology.” In Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change, ed. Tuch, Steven A., and Martin, Jack K.. Westport: Praeger.

Brace, Paul, and Hinckley, Barbara. 1992. Follow the Leader: Opinion Polls and the Modern Presidents. Basic Books.

Branch, Taylor. 1989. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63. Simon and Schuster.

Bratton, Kathleen A. 2006. “The Behavior and Success of Latino Legislators: Evidence from the States.” Social Science Quarterly 87:1136–57.Google Scholar

Canon, David T. 1999. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. University of Chicago Press.

Canon, David T., Schousen, Matthew M., and Sellers, Patrick J.. 1996. “The Supply Side of Congressional Redistricting: Race and Strategic Politicians, 1972–1992.” Journal of Politics 58:846–62.Google Scholar

Carmines, Edward G., and Stimson, James A.. 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton University Press.

Chanin, Robert and Jonathan, Rintels “Restoring a National Consensus: The Need to End Racial Profiling in America” Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rightshttp://www.civilrights.org/publications/reports/racial-profiling2011/racial_profiling2011.pdf. Accessed on January 1, 2015.

Chanin, Robert, Rintels, Jonathan, and Drachsler, Laura. 2011. “Restoring a National Consensus: The Need to End Racial Profiling in America.” Leadership Conference. Accessed September, 2015. http://www.civilrights.org/publications/reports/racial-profiling2011/racial_profiling2011.pdf.

Chisholm, Shirley. 2010. Unbossed and Unbought: Expanded 40th Anniversary Edition. Take Root Media.

Clinton, William. 1997. “Remarks at the University of California San Diego Commencement Ceremony in La Jolla, California.” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 33:876–82.Google Scholar

Coe, Kevin, and Neumann, Rico. 2011. “The Major Addresses of Modern Presidents: Parameters of a Data Set.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 41:727–51.Google Scholar

Coe, Kevin, and Schmidt, Anthony. 2012. “America in Black and White: Locating Race in the Modern Presidency, 1933–2011.” Journal of Communication 62:609–27.Google Scholar

Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1995. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda.” American Journal of Political Science 39:87–107.Google Scholar

Cohen, Jeffrey E. 2009. Going Local: Presidential Leadership in the Post-Broadcast Age. Cambridge University Press.

Collingwood, Loren, and Wilkerson, John. 2012. “Tradeoffs in Accuracy and Efficiency in Supervised Learning Methods.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 9:298–318.Google Scholar

Converse, Philip E. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics.” In Ideology and Discontent, ed. Apter, David E.. Free Press.

Crespin, Michael H, and Rohde, David W. 2010. “Dimensions, Issues, and Bills: Appropriations Voting on the House Floor.” Journal of Politics 72:976–89.Google Scholar

Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton University Press.

Druckman, James N., and Holmes, Justin W.. 2004. “Does Presidential Rhetoric Matter? Priming and Presidential Approval.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34:755–78.Google Scholar

Du Bois, William Edward, Burghardt. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford University Press.

Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1934. “Postscript.” The Crisis 41:20.Google Scholar

Dutta-Bergman, Mohan J. 2004. “Primary Sources of Health Information: Comparisons in the Domain of Health Attitudes, Health Cognitions, and Health Behaviors.” Health Communication 16:273–88.Google Scholar

Edsall, Thomas B., and Edsall, Mary D.. 1992. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics. W. W. Norton.

Edwards, George C. III. 2003. On Deaf Ears: The Limits of the Bully Pulpit. Yale University Press.

Edwards, George C. III, Mitchell, William, and Welch, Reed. 1995. “Explaining Presidential Approval: The Significance of Issue Salience.” American Journal of Political Science 39:108–34.Google Scholar

Epp, Charles R., Maynard-Moody, Steven, and Haider-Markel, Donald P.. 2014. Pulled Over: How Police Stops Define Race and Citizenship. University Of Chicago Press.

Fauntroy, Michael K. 2006. Republicans and the Black Vote. Lynne Rienner.

Fenno, Richard F. 1978. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Little, Brown.

Ferejohn, John A., and Kuklinski, James H.. 1990. Information and Democratic Processes. University of Illinois Press.

Fishel, Jeff. 1985. Presidents and Promises: From Campaign Pledge to Presidential Performance. CQ Press.

Fowler, James H. 2006. “Connecting the Congress: A Study of Cosponsorship Networks.” Political Analysis 14:456–87.Google Scholar

Fraser, Nancy. 1990. “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” Social Text 1:56–80.Google Scholar

Gabrielson, Teena. 2005. “Obstacles and Opportunities: Factors That Constrain Elected Officials’ Ability to Frame Political Issues.” In Framing American Politics, ed. Callaghan, Karen and Schnell, Frauke. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Gales, Tammy. 2009. “The Language Barrier between Immigration and Citizenship in the United States.” In Language Testing, Migration and Citizenship: Cross-National Perspectives on Integration Regimes, ed. Extra, Guus, Spotti, Massimiliano, and Avermaet, Piet Van. A&C Black.

Gay, Claudine. 2001. “The Effect of Black Congressional Representation on Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 95:589–602.Google Scholar

Gilens, Martin. 1996. ““Race Coding” and White Opposition to Welfare.” American Political Science Review 90:593–604.Google Scholar

Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. University of Chicago Press.

Gillespie, Andra. 2012. The New Black Politician: Cory Booker, Newark, and Post-racial America. New York University Press.

Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr. 1999. “The Welfare Queen” Experiment: How Viewers React to Images of African-American Mothers on Welfare.” Center for Communications and Community.Google Scholar

Gillion, Daniel Q. 2013. The Political Power of Protest: Minority Activism and Shifts in Public Policy. Cambridge University Press.

Gilroy, Paul. 2000. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line. Harvard University Press.

Golub, Andrew, Johnson, Bruce D., and Dunlap, Eloise. 2007. “The Race/Ethnicity Disparity in Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City.” Criminology and Public Policy 6:131–64.Google Scholar

Goswami, Divakar, and Melkote, Srinivas. 1997. “Knowledge Gap in AIDS Communication: An Indian Case Study.” International Communication Gazette 59:205–21.Google Scholar

Gould, Carol. 1996. “Diversity and Democracy: Representing Differences.” In Democracy and Difference. Contesting the Boundaries of the Political.Princeton University Press.

Grimmer, Justin, and Stewart, Brandon M.. 2013. “Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts.” Political Analysis 21: 267–297.Google Scholar

Grose, Christian G. 2011. Congress in Black and White: Race and Representation in Washington and at Home. Cambridge University Press.

Guinier, Lani, and Torres, Gerald. 2002. The Miner's Canary: Enlisting Race, Resisting Power, Transforming Democracy. Harvard University Press.

Gutmann, Amy, and Thompson, Dennis. 2009. Democracy and Disagreement. Harvard University Press.

Habermas, Jurgen. 1991. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. MIT Press.

Hamilton, Charles V. 1977. “Deracialization: Examination of a Political Strategy.” First World 1:3–5.Google Scholar

Hamilton, Dona Cooper, and Hamilton, Charles V.. 1992. “The Dual Agenda of African American Organizations since the New Deal: Social Welfare Policies and Civil Rights.” Political Science Quarterly 107:435–52.Google Scholar

Harris, Fredrick C. 2001. “Black Churches and Civic Traditions: Outreach, Activism, and the Politics of Public Funding of Faith-Based Ministries.” In Can Charitable Choice Work, ed. Walsh, Andrew. Leonard E. Greenberg Center for the Study of Religion in Public Life.

Hart, Roderick. 2009. “Towards a Pragmatic Black Politics?” Souls.Google Scholar

Harris, Fredrick C. 2012. The Price of the Ticket: Barack Obama and Rise and Decline of Black Politics. Oxford University Press.

Harris-Lacewell, Melissa. 2004. Barbershops, Bibles, and Bet: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought. Princeton University Press.

Hart, Roderick. 1987. The Sound of Leadership. University of Chicago Press.

Hart, Roderick. 2011. “The Geo-social Presidency: Lest We Forget.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 41:766–69.Google Scholar

Hawkesworth, Mary. 2003. “Congressional Enactments of Race–Gender: Toward a Theory of Raced–gendered Institutions.” American Political Science Review 97:529–50.Google Scholar

Haynie, Kerry L. 2001. African American Legislators in the American States. Columbia University Press.

Henry, Patrick J., and Sears, David O.. 2002. “The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale.” Political Psychology 23:253–83.Google Scholar

Hero, Rodney. 1998. Faces of Inequality. Oxford University Press.

Hill, Kim Quaile, and Hurley, Patricia A. 2002. “Symbolic Speeches in the US Senate and Their Representational Implications.” Journal of Politics 64:219–31.Google Scholar

Himelstein, Jerry. 1983. “Rhetorical Continuities in the Politics of Race: The Closed Society Revisited.” Southern Journal of Communication 48:153–66.Google Scholar

Hochschild, Jennifer L., and Rogers, Reuel. 2000. “Race Relations in a Diversifying Nation.” In New Directions: African Americans in a Diversifying Nation, ed. Jackson, James. National Planning Association.

Hopkins, Daniel J. 2009. “No More Wilder Effect, Never a Whitman Effect: When and Why Polls Mislead about Black and Female Candidates.” Journal of Politics 71:769–81.Google Scholar

Hopkins, Daniel J., and King, Gary. 2010. “A Method of Automated Nonparametric Content Analysis for Social Science.” American Journal of Political Science 54:229–47.Google Scholar

Huspek, Michael. 2011. “Transgressive Rhetoric in Deliberative Democracy: The Black Press.” In Critical Rhetorics of Race, ed. Lacy, Michael: New York University Press.

Hutton, Frankie. 1992. “Social Morality in the Antebellum Black Press.” Journal of Popular Culture 26:71–84.Google Scholar

Imai, Kosuke, Luke Keele, Dustin Tingley, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2011. “Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning About Causal Mechanisms From Experimental and Observational Studies.” American Political Science Review 105:765–89.Google Scholar

Jackson, John L. Jr. 2008. Racial Paranoia: The Unintended Consequences of Political Correctness. Basic Civitas Books.

Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Shapiro, Robert Y.. 2000. Politicians Don't Pander: Political Manipulation and the Loss of Democratic Responsiveness. University of Chicago Press.

Jacobson, Gary C. 2000. “Party Polarization in National Politics: The Electoral Connection.” In Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era, ed. Bond, Jon R. and Fleisher, Richard. CQ Press.

Jordan, William. 2001. Black Newspapers and America's War for Democracy, 1914–1920. University of North Carolina Press.

Judd, Charles M, and Kenny, David A. 1981. “Process Analysis Estimating Mediation in Treatment Evaluations.” Evaluation Review 5:602–19.Google Scholar

Jurafsky, Daniel, and Martin, James H.. 2008. Speech and Language Processing. Prentice Hall.

Katznelson, Ira, Geiger, Kim, and Kryder, Daniel. 1993. “Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950.” Political Science Quarterly 108: 283–306.Google Scholar

Keiser, Lael R., Mueser, Peter R., and Choi, Seung-Whan. 2004. “Race, Bureaucratic Discretion, and the Implementation of Welfare Reform.” American Journal of Political Science 48:314–27.Google Scholar

Kellstedt, Paul M. 2005. “Media Frames, Core Values, and the Dynamics of Racial Policy Preferences.” In Framing American Politics, ed. Callaghan, Karen and Schnell, Frauke. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Kim, Claire Jean. 2000. “Clinton's Race Initiative: Recasting the American Dilemma.” Polity 33:175–97.Google Scholar

Kim, Claire Jean 2002. “Managing the Racial Breach: Clinton, Black-White Polarization, and the Race Initiative.” Political Science Quarterly 117:55–79.Google Scholar

Kim, Claire Jean 2003. Bitter Fruit: The Politics of Black-Korean Conflict in New York City. Yale University Press.

Kinder, Donald R., and Nelson, Thomas E.. 2005. “Democratic Debate and Real Opinions.” In Framing American Politics, ed. Callaghan, Karen and Schnell, Frauke. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Kinder, Donald R., and Sanders, Lynn M.. 1990. “Mimicking Political Debate with Survey Questions: The Case of White Opinion on Affirmative Action for Blacks.” Social Cognition 8:73–103.Google Scholar

Kinder, Donald R., and Sanders, Lynn M.. 1996. Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals. University of Chicago Press.

King, Martin Luther Jr. 1958. Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. Ballantine Books.

King, Desmond S., and Smith, Rogers M.. 2011. Still a House Divided: Race and Politics in Obama's America. Princeton University Press.

Kingsley, John Donald. 1944. Representative Bureaucracy: An Interpretation of the British Civil Service. Antioch Press.

Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, Appiah, Osei, and Alter, Scott. 2008. “News Selection Patterns as a Function of Race: The Discerning Minority and the Indiscriminating Majority.” Media Psychology 11:400–417.Google Scholar

Krukones, Michael G. 1984. Promises and Performance: Presidential Campaigns as Policy Predictors. University Press of America.

Kuklinski, James H., Sniderman, Paul M., Knight, Kathleen, Piazza, Thomas, Tetlock, Philip E., Lawrence, Gordon R., and Mellers, Barbara. 1997. “Racial Prejudice and Attitudes toward Affirmative Action.” American Journal of Political Science 41:402–19.Google Scholar

Lanning, Kevin. 2005. “The Social Psychology of the 2004 US Presidential Election.” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5:145–52.Google Scholar

Latour, Bruno. 1999. Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies. Harvard University Press.

Layman, Geoffrey C., and Carsey, Thomas M.. 2002. “Party Polarization and ‘Conflict Extension’ in the American Electorate.” American Journal of Political Science 46:786–802.Google Scholar

Layman, Geoffrey C., Carsey, Thomas M., Green, John C., Herrera, Richard, and Cooperman, Rosalyn. 2010. “Activists and Conflict Extension in American Party Politics.” American Political Science Review 104:324–46.Google Scholar

Lee, Taeku. 2002. Mobilizing Public Opinion: Black Insurgency and Racial Attitudes in the Civil Rights Era. University of Chicago Press.

Lieberman, Robert C. 2011. Shaping Race Policy: The United States in Comparative Perspective. Princeton University Press.

Lipsky, Michael. 1980. Street Level Bureaucracy. Russell Sage Foundation.

Lorence, Daniel P., Park, Heeyoung, and Fox, Susannah. 2006. “Racial Disparities in Health Information Access: Resilience of the Digital Divide.” Journal of Medical Systems 30:241–49.Google Scholar

Maltzman, Forrest, and Sigelman, Lee. 1996. “The Politics of Talk: Unconstrained Floor Time in the US House of Representatives.” Journal of Politics 58:819–30.Google Scholar

Manin, Bernard. 1987. “On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation.” Political Theory 15:338–68.Google Scholar

Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes.’” Journal of Politics 61:628–57.Google Scholar

Marable, Manning. 2009. “Racializing Obama: The Enigma of Post-Black Politics and Leadership.” Souls 11:1–15.Google Scholar

Marable, Manning, and Clarke, Kristen. 2009. Barack Obama and African American Empowerment: The Rise of Black America's New Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan.

Masuoka, Natalie, and Junn, Jane. 2013. The Politics of Belonging: Race, Public Opinion, and Immigration. University of Chicago Press.

Mayhew, David R. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. Yale University Press.

Mayhew, David R. 2001. “Observations on Congress: The Electoral Connection a Quarter Century after Writing It.” Political Science and Politics 34:251–52.Google Scholar

Mazama, Ama. 2008. “Barack Obama, a New Star in the African World.” In Africana Womanism & Race & Gender in the Presidential Candidacy of Barack Obama. AuthorHouse.

McCarthy, Justin. 2015. “As a Major US Problem, Race Relations Sharply Rise.” Gallup.com, http://www.gallup.com/poll/180257/major-problem-race-relations-sharply-rises.aspx. Accessed February 11, 2015.

McCarty, Nolan, Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. MIT Press.

McCombs, Maxwell, and Zhu, Jian-Hua. 1995. “Capacity, Diversity, and Volatility of the Public Agenda: Trends from 1954 to 1994.” Public Opinion Quarterly 59:495–525.Google Scholar

McCormick, Joseph, and Jones, Charles. 1993. “The Conceptualization of Deracialization: Thinking through the Dilemma.” In Dilemmas of Black Politics: Issues of Leadership and Strategy, ed. Persons, Georgia A.. Harper Collins.

McKinlay, John, and Marceau, Lisa. 2000. “US Public Health and the 21st Century: Diabetes Mellitus.” Lancet 356:757–61.Google Scholar

Mendelberg, Tali. 2009. “Deliberation, Incivility, and Race in Electoral Campaigns.” In Democratization in America, ed. King Desmond, Robert C Lieberman, Gretchen Ritter, and Laurence Whitehead. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Mendelberg, Tali, and Oleske, John. 2000. “Race and Public Deliberation.” Political Communication 17:169–91.Google Scholar

Mendieta, Eduardo. 2003. “What Can Latinas/os Learn from Cornel West? The Latino Postcolonial Intellectual in the Age of the Exhaustion of Public Spheres.” Nepantla: Views from South 4:213–33.Google Scholar

Meyer, David, Hornik, Kurt, and Feinerer, Ingo. 2008. “Text Mining Infrastructure in R.” Journal of Statistical Software 25:1–54.Google Scholar

Miller, Arthur H. 1974. “Political Issues and Trust in Government: 1964–1970.” American Political Science Review 68:951–72.Google Scholar

Minchin, Timothy J. 2008. “One America? Church Burnings and Perceptions of Race Relations in the Clinton Years.” Australasian Journal of American Studies 27:1–28.Google Scholar

Minta, Michael D. 2011. Oversight: Representing the Interests of Blacks and Latinos in Congress. Princeton University Press.

Monostori, Krisztián, Zaslavsky, Arkdy, and Schmidt, Heinz. 2000. “Document Overlap Detection System for Distributed Digital Libraries.” Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, 226–27.

Moore, Michael K., and Thomas, Sue. 1991. “Explaining Legislative Success in the US Senate: The Role of the Majority and Minority Parties.” Western Political Quarterly 44:959–70.Google Scholar

Morris, Jonathan S. 2001. “Reexamining the Politics of Talk: Partisan Rhetoric in the 104th House.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26:101–21.Google Scholar

Mukherjee, Roopali. 2011. “Commodity Consumption and the Politics of the ‘Post-Racial.’” In Critical Rhetorics of Race, ed. Michael Lacy and Kent Ono, 178–193. New York University PressGoogle Scholar

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 2012. NAACP Battleground Poll: African Americans Strongly Distrust GOP to Advance Civil Rights. http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp-battleground-poll-african-americans-strongly-distrust-gop-to-advance.

Nawab, Rao Muhammad Adeel, Stevenson, Mark, and Clough, Paul. 2012. “Detecting Text Reuse with Modified and Weighted N-Grams.” Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics 2:54–58.Google Scholar

Neblo, Michael A. 2009. “Three-Fifths a Racist: A Typology for Analyzing Public Opinion about Race.” Political Behavior 31:31–51.Google Scholar

O'Reilly, Kenneth. 1995. Nixon's Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton. Free Press.

Orey, Byron D'Andra, and Ricks, Boris. 2007. “A Systematic Analysis of the Deracialization Concept.” In The Expanding Boundaries of Black Politics, ed. Persons, Georgia A.. Transaction.

Ostrom, Charles W. Jr., and Simon, Dennis M.. 1985. “Promise and Performance: A Dynamic Model of Presidential Popularity.” American Political Science Review 79:334–58.Google Scholar

Parker, Christopher S., Sawyer, Mark Q., and Towler, Christopher. 2009. “A Black Man in the White House?” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6:193–217.Google Scholar

Pauley, Garth E. 2001. The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights: Rhetoric on Race from Roosevelt to Nixon. TexasA&M University Press.

Pearson, Kathryn, and Dancey, Logan. 2011. “Elevating Women's Voices in Congress Speech Participation in the House of Representatives.” Political Research Quarterly 64:910–23.Google Scholar

Perry, Huey. 1991. “Deracialization as an Analytical Construct in American Urban Politics.” Urban Affairs Review 27:181–91.Google Scholar

Peters, Gerhard, and John, Woolley. 2015. “The American Presidency Project.” http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Accessed January 1, 2015.

Petrocik, John R. 1996. “Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study.” American Journal of Political Science 40:825–50.Google Scholar

Petrocik, John R., Benoit, William L., and Hansen, Glenn J.. 2003. “Issue Ownership and Presidential Campaigning, 1952–2000.” Political Science Quarterly 118:599–627.Google Scholar

Pfiffner, James. 2001. “President Clinton's Health Care Reform Proposals of 1994.” In Triumphs and Tragedies of the Modern Presidency: Seventy-six Case Studies in Presidential Leadership, ed. Abshire, David. Praeger.

Phillips, Anne. 1994. “Dealing with Difference: A Politics of Ideas or a Politics of Presence? 1.” Constellations 1:88–91.Google Scholar

Philpot, Tasha S. 2007. Race, Republicans, and the Return of the Party of Lincoln. University of Michigan Press.

Polletta, Francesca. 2002. Freedom Is an Endless Meeting: Democracy in American Social Movements. University of Chicago Press.

Poole, Keith T. 2008. “The Evolving Influence of Psychometrics in Political Science.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, ed. Brady, Henry E., Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Collier, David. Oxford University Press.

Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. Oxford University Press.

Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2000. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. Oxford University Press.

Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2001. “D-Nominate after 10 Years.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26:5–29.Google Scholar

Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2013. “An Update on Political Polarization through the 112th Congress.” Voteview, http://voteview.com/blog/?p=726. Accessed January 20, 2014.

Prager, J. 1987. “American Political Culture and the Shifting Meaning of Race.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 10:63–81.Google Scholar

Ragsdale, Lyn. 1984. “The Politics of Presidential Speechmaking, 1949–1980.” American Political Science Review 78:971–84.Google Scholar

Ragsdale, Lyn. 1987. “Presidential Speechmaking and the Public Audience: Individual Presidents and Group Attitudes.” Journal of Politics 49:704–36.Google Scholar

Reed, Adolph Jr. 1986. The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon. Yale University Press.

Reed, Adolph Jr. 1997. “Yackety-Yak about Race.” Progressive 61:18–19.Google Scholar

Reeves, Keith. 1997. Voting Hopes or Fears?: White Voters, Black Candidates and Racial Politics in America. Oxford University Press.

Reichler, Patricia, and Dredge, Polly B.. 1997. Governing Diverse Communities: A Focus on Race and Ethnic Relations. National League of Cities.

Renshon, Jonathan. 2009. “When Public Statements Reveal Private Beliefs: Assessing Operational Codes at a Distance.” Political Psychology 30:649–61.Google Scholar

Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism against Populism: A Confrontation between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice. Freeman.

Ringquist, Evan J., and Dasse, Carl. 2004. “Lies, Damned Lies, and Campaign Promises? Environmental Legislation in the 105th Congress.” Social Science Quarterly 85:400–419.Google Scholar

Rocca, Michael S. 2007. “Nonlegislative Debate in the US House of Representatives.” American Politics Research 35:489–505.Google Scholar

Rohde, David W. 1991. Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House. University of Chicago Press.

Skocpol, Theda. 2010. Political Institutions and Public Choice House Roll-Call Database. Durham, NC:Duke University.

Rosen, Corey M. 1973. “A Test of Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion: The Split-Ballot Technique.” Polity 6:282–90.Google Scholar

Sanders, Lynn M. 1997. “Against Deliberation.” Political Theory 25:347–76.Google Scholar

Satcher, David. 2006. “Ethnic Disparities in Health: The Public's Role in Working for Equality.” Plos Med 3:405.Google Scholar

Savage, Barbara Dianne. 2009. Your Spirits Walk beside Us: The Politics of Black Religion. Harvard University Press.

Schickler, Eric, Pearson, Kathryn, and Feinstein, Brian D.. 2010. “Congressional Parties and Civil Rights Politics from 1933 to 1972.” Journal of Politics 72:672–89.Google Scholar

Scott, Fred Newton, and Denney, Joseph Villiers. 1893. Paragraph Writing. Allyn and Bacon.

Shingles, Richard D. 1981. “Black Consciousness and Political Participation: The Missing Link.” American Political Science Review 75:76–91.Google Scholar

Skocpol, Theda. 1995a. “African Americans in US Social Policy.” In Classifying by Race, ed. Peterson, Paul. Princeton University Press.

Skocpol, Theda. 1995b. Social Policy in the United States. Princeton University Press.

Slapin, Jonathan B., and Proksch, Sven-Oliver. 2008. “A Scaling Model for Estimating Time-series Party Positions from Texts.” American Journal of Political Science 52:705–22.Google Scholar

Smith, David, Cordell, Ryan, and Dillion, Elizabeth. 2013. “Infectious Texts: Modeling Text Reuse in Nineteenth-Century Newspapers.” IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 86–94.Google Scholar

Smith, Renee M. 1998. “The Public Presidency Hits the Wall: Clinton's Presidential Initiative on Race.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 28:780–85.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M., and Carmines, Edward G.. 1999. Reaching beyond Race. Harvard University Press.

Sniderman, Paul M., Crosby, Gretchen C., and Howell, William G.. 2000. “The Politics of Race.” In Racialized Politics: The Debate about Racism in America, ed. Sears, David O., Sidanius, Jim, and Bobo, Lawrence. University of Chicago Press.

Sniderman, Paul M., and Piazza, Thomas. 1995. The Scar of Race. Belknap Press.

Steinberg, Stephen. 1995. Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought and Policy. Beacon Press.

Stonecash, Jeffrey M., Brewer, Mark D., and Mariani, Mack. 2003. Diverging Parties: Social Change, Realignment, and Party Polarization. Westview Press.

Streb, Matthew J. 2001. “A New Message: Compassionate Conservatism, African Americans, and the Republican Party.” Politics & Policy 29:670–91.Google Scholar

Sulkin, Tracy. 2009. “Campaign Appeals and Legislative Action.” Journal of Politics 71:1093–108.Google Scholar

Sulkin, Tracy. 2011. The Legislative Legacy of Congressional Campaigns. Cambridge University Press.

Swers, Michele L. 2002. The Difference Women Make: The Policy Impact of Women in Congress. University of Chicago Press.

Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. Russell Sage Foundation.

Tate, Katherine. 2003. Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Princeton University Press.

Tien, Charles, and Levy, Dena. 2008. “The Influence of African Americans on Congress: A Content Analysis of the Civil Rights Debates.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 5:115–35.Google Scholar

Valentino, Nicholas A., Hutchings, Vincent L., and White, Ismail K.. 2002. “Cues That Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns.” American Political Science Review 96:75–90.Google Scholar

Vargas, Lucila C., and De Pyssler, Bruce J.. 1999. “US Latino Newspapers as Health Communication Resources: A Content Analysis.” Howard Journal of Communication 10:189–205.Google Scholar

Viswanath, Kasisomayajula, Breen, Nancy, Meissner, Helen, Moser, Richard P., Hesse, Bradford, Steele, Whitney Randolph, and Rakowski, William. 2006. “Cancer Knowledge and Disparities in the Information Age.” Journal of Health Communication 11:1–17.Google Scholar

Walsh, Katherine Cramer. 2007. Talking about Race: Community Dialogues and the Politics of Difference. University of Chicago Press.

Walton, Hanes, and Smith, Robert C.. 2000. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. Longman.

Watkins-Hayes, Celeste. 2011. “Race, Respect, and Red Tape: Inside the Black Box of Racially Representative Bureaucracies.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21:233–51.Google Scholar

Wawro, Gregory. 2001. Legislative Entrepreneurship in the US House of Representatives. University of Michigan Press.

Whitby, Kenny J. 1997. The Color of Representation.:University of Michigan Press.

Whitby, Kenny J. 2002. “Bill Sponsorship and Intraracial Voting among African American Representatives.” American Politics Research 30:93–109.Google Scholar

Wickham, DeWayne. 2002. Bill Clinton and Black America. Ballantine Books.

Wilson, William Julius. 1978. “The Declining Significance of Race.” Society 15:11–11.Google Scholar

Wilson, William Julius. 1980. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. University of Chicago Press.

Wilson, William Julius. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy.

Wilson, William Julius. 1990. “Race-neutral Programs and the Democratic Coalition.” American Prospect 1:74–81.Google Scholar

Wilson, William Julius. 1999. The Bridge over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics. University of California Press.

Wise, Michael J. 1993. “String Similarity via Greedy String Tiling and Running Karp-rabin Matching.” Technical Report 463, University of Sydney.

Wise, Tim. 2010. Colorblind: The Rise of Post-racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equity. City Lights.

Wood, B. Dan. 2007. The Politics of Economic Leadership: The Causes and Consequences of Presidential Rhetoric. Princeton University Press.

Wood, B. Dan. 2009a. “Presidential Saber Rattling and the Economy.” American Journal of Political Science 53:695–709.Google Scholar

Wood, B. Dan. 2009b. The Myth of Presidential Representation. Cambridge University Press.

Wood, B. Dan, Owens, Chris T., and Durham, Brandy M.. 2005. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Economy.” Journal of Politics 67:627–45.Google Scholar

Wyman, Hastings. 2013. “Lessons From the Deep South.” Southern Political Reporthttp://www.southernpoliticalreport.com/storylink_1125_3569.aspx, Accessed January 15, 2015

Zarefsky, David. 2004. President Johnson's War on Poverty: Rhetoric and History (Studies Rhetoric & Communication). University Alabama Press.