The history of the African diaspora in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with its transcultural lives and transnational frames of reference is just one indication of how deeply embedded German colonialism was in the wider history of European colonialism. Not only did the European colonial expansion “globalize” trade, politics, communications, and knowledge as well as having a deep impact on the societies, cultures, and lives in both the South and the North; it also involved individuals, companies, organizations, and institutions from all European countries, regardless of the duration and extent of their imperial rule overseas. Colonial history cannot therefore be properly reassessed within the confines of national histories, and the rediscovery of German colonialism in contemporary German literature does not restrict itself either to German colonies or to Germans as colonial players. The discussion of literary engagement with colonial transculturalism in the previous chapter has already provided examples of the broader scope of the critical memory of colonialism in contemporary German historical novels, such as Trojanow's novel about Richard Burton, Kühn's novel about George Bridgetower, Buch's adaptation of East African-Oriental voices, and Kramer's and Schulz's settings outside German colonies. Capus's Eine Frage der Zeit, with its parallelism of German and British imperialism, is another example, and the very fact that Swiss and Austrian writers have a significant share in the literary rereading and rewriting of colonialism is further evidence of the transnational reach of the theme.