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The control of landing operations

from Développement maritime et maîtrise organisationnelle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Richard Harding
Affiliation:
University of Westminster
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Summary

ABSTRACT. The control of British landing operations was one of the determining factors of Britain's naval and military successes in the 18th and 19th centuries. It resulted from three key elements: a naval predominance ensuring the safety of the actual operations; the importance of the commercial fleet that gave the British administration flexible access to transportation means; and an experience acquired through the years which made it possible to reconcile and overcome differing opinions amongst the commanders of the navy and army in operational practices. These factors were not meant by the other powers that could not carry out similar combined operations.

RÉSUMÉ. La maîtrise des opérations de débarquement britanniques a été l'un des facteurs déterminants de leurs succès navals mais aussi militaires au cours des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Elle résulte de trois principaux éléments : une prédominance navale conférant la sécurité dans le déroulement des opérations ; l'importance de la flotte de commerce donnant à l'administration anglaise la flexibilité pour disposer des transports nécessaires ; et une expérience forgée au cours du temps permettant de concilier, et de dépasser, les différends entre les responsables de la marine et de l'armée de terre dans la pratique opérationnelle. Tous facteurs qui ne devaient pas permettre aux autres puissances de mener pareilles opérations combinées.

Just before 08:00 on 8 March 1801 about 200 boats were lying off a sandy cove in Aboukir Bay. Waiting in this collection of flatboats and other craft were over 5,000 British soldiers with a small detachment of field artillery. On their flanks were some cutters, gunboats, sloops and two bomb ships. On shore, General Friant of the French Armée de l'Orient had assembled about 2,000 of his troops, including cavalry and 15 pieces of field artillery. The British gunboats began to fire on the French as they assembled, but Friant was fairly confident that he could disrupt or even crush any landing that might be attempted.

However, the landing was a startling success and by the end of the day, the whole force of over 12,000 troops and its field artillery was ashore. To General Bertrand, the landing ‘was like a movement on the opera stage’.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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