10/90 research gap: finding that less than 10% of global spending on health research is devoted to diseases or conditions that account for 90% of the global disease burden. luka badawcza 10/90

AA: cf. Alcoholics Anonymous.

Abandonment: act of giving up an idea or stopping an activity. porzucenie, zaniechanie

Abatement: reducing or minimising public health risks, usually supported by regulation or legislation, e.g. noise abatement, smoke abatement. łagodzenie, wygasanie

ABC: cf. activity-based costing. ocena kosztów na podstawie rodzajów działalności

Abnormal event: unplanned, unusual occurrence or emergency. wypadek, zdarzenie nienaturalne

Abnormality: malformation of an organ or its part. deformacja

Abortion: the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy before birth. aborcja

Absolute rights: rights that cannot be outweighed by other considerations, e.g. many of those who oppose capital punishment say that the right to life is an absolute right, but those who believe that capital punishment is morally justified in some circumstances say it is only a prima facie right. prawa absolutne

Absolute risk: incidence of an event, e.g. if 100 patients are given a drug and 5 develop diarrhoea as a side effect, then the estimated absolute risk is 5/100 or 0.05; cf. risk, relative risk. ryzyko absolutne

Absolute risk difference: difference in the risk for disease or death between an exposed population and an unexposed population. różnica ryzyka absolutnego

Absorbed dose: 1. measure of energy transferred to a medium by ionising radiation; 2. amount of a chemical substance taken in by a living organism.