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Physiological responses of grapevines to biodynamic management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2015

Renato Vasconcelos Botelho ,
Roberta Roberti ,
Paola Tessarin ,
José María Garcia-Mina  and
Adamo Domenico Rombolà
Renato Vasconcelos Botelho
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, State University of Middle Western—Unicentro, R. Simeão Camargo Varella de Sá 03, CEP 85040-080 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Roberta Roberti
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Paola Tessarin
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
José María Garcia-Mina
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1; 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Adamo Domenico Rombolà*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
*
*Corresponding author: adamo.rombola@unibo.it
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Abstract

A 3-year (2011–2013) field trial was carried out in a mature vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Sangiovese), planted in 2003, to assess physiological responses of grapevines to biodynamic management. Starting in 2007, the vineyard was managed with organic production protocols in accordance with EC Regulations (834/2007). In 2008, the vineyard (2 ha) was divided in two large plots, with each plot having similar soil physico-chemical properties. One of the plots was managed with organic protocols per EC Regulations and the other with biodynamic practices, consisting of spray application of preparations 500, 500 K, fladen and 501. During the 2011–2013 season, the biodynamic preparations were used at least twice per year, with the exception of 501 that was applied only once in 2013. Concentration of hormones and mineral elements in biodynamic preparations were determined. Biodynamically managed vines showed lower stomatal conductance in all years and lower leaf water potential in 2012. Leaf photosynthetic activity was not influenced by cultivation method. Biodynamic management led to an increase in leaf enzymatic activities of endochitinase (EC 3.2.1.14), exochitinase (β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, EC 3.2.1.52 and chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidase) and β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39), which are typically correlated with plant biotic and abiotic stresses and associated with induced plant resistance. Year effects were observed with 1,3-β-glucanase, whose activity in 2012 was 4.1-fold higher than in 2013. Disease incidence and grape yields were not different between organic and biodynamic treatments. This study provided a strong indication of a stimulation of natural defense compounds in grapes grown under biodynamic cultivation, but subsequent effects on plant protection and productivity require further evaluation.

Keywords

Vitis viniferaorganic and biodynamic viticulturestomatal conductancebiodynamic preparationsinduced resistance
Type
Research Papers
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 31 , Issue 5 , October 2016 , pp. 402 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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