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From social networks to bird enthusiasts: reporting interactions between plastic waste and birds in Peru
- Félix Ayala, Jhonson K. Vizcarra, Karen Castillo-Morales, Uriel Torres-Zevallos, Cristel Cordero-Maldonado, Lyanne Ampuero-Merino, Kárlom Herrera-Peralta, Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre, Fernando Angulo, Susana Cárdenas-Alayza
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- Journal:
- Environmental Conservation / Volume 50 / Issue 2 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 March 2023, pp. 136-141
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Peru has the second-highest diversity of birds in the world, but little is known about the interactions between birds and plastic waste. To fill this knowledge gap, we searched the scientific literature, collected information from social networks such as Facebook and databases such as Macaulay Library and iNaturalist and solicited records through messaging with researchers and bird enthusiasts. We found 119 bird interactions with plastic debris involving 39 species from 20 families, with the red-legged cormorant Phalacrocorax gaimardi and the neotropical cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus being the most affected species. By type of interaction category, plastic waste in nests was the most abundant, followed by entanglement, capture and handling and ingestion. Ropes, nets and soft plastics such as bags were the most frequently reported types of waste. As our methodology has limitations, it is probable that other species that also interact with plastic waste have not been reported, so we recommend further study.
P03-220 - Personality Disorders And Substance Use Disorders Comorbidity: Focussing On Personality Characteristics
- G. Mateu-Codina, L. Diaz-Digon, R. Martinez-Riera, L. Morro-Fernandez, A. Merino-Torres, M. Torrens-Melich
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1274
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Objective
• To describe personality characteristics in personality disorders (PDs) patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) comorbidity.
Methods• Data on demographic, family, and clinical factors were gathered among subjects admitted to our dual diagnosis unit who met DSM-IV criteria for PDs and had comorbidity with SUDs.
• To explore the psychometric characteristics we used the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R).
Results• Overall, 32 subjects were assessed (72% males; mean age 38,4±7,3). Mean length of admission was 17,6 ± 7,5 days. Suicide attempt/ideation (50%) and behaviour disruption (19%) were main symptoms at admittance. Main drugs were alcohol (59,4%) and cocaine (15,6%); 24% had polydrug dependence (3 or more SUDs).
• TCI results showed a profile characterized by low self-directness (78,1%), low cooperativeness (46,9%) and high novelty seeking (31,3%).
• Sedative SUDs group (including alcohol, cannabis, and benzodiacepines SUDs) showed higher scores in asthenia (70,6 ± 2 vs. 57,52 ± 3,2; p=0,002), and locus of control (44,8 ± 4,1 vs. 31,4 ± 32,6; p=0,039) than stimulant SUDs group (including cocaine and amphetamine-like SUDs).
• Polydrug dependence group had higher scores in spiritual acceptance (63,6 ± 4,2 vs. 49,9 ± 2; p=0,003).
• The older group (38 thru highest) had higher scores in cooperativeness (44,8 ±3,2 vs. 35,7 ± 3,1; p=0,05) and compassion (47,9 ± 3,7 vs. 36,2 ± 3,8; p=0,03).
Conclusions• We found a profile characterized by low scores in self-directness and cooperativeness as seen in previous surveys.
• The older patients seems attenuate some maladaptative personality characteristics.
Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis? [PW02-03]
- L. Diaz Digon, D. Martinez Sanvisens, L. Morro Fernandez, G. Mateu Codina, A. Merino Torres, M. Torrens Melich
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E346
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Introduction:
Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.
Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.
Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.
Results:• 23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).
• Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).
• The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).
Conclusions:• No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.
• The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.
Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis? [P01-53]
- L. Diaz Digon, D. Martinez Sanvisens, L. Morro Fernandez, G. Mateu Codina, A. Merino Torres, M. Torrens Melich
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E441
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Introduction:
Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.
Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.
Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.
Results:• 23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).
• Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).
• The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).
Conclusions:• No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.
• The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.
EPA-0296 – Patient Management and Psychopharmacological Treatment Associated to Smoking Ban in an Acute Psychiatry Unit
- A. Toll Privat, D. Bergé Baquero, A. Mané Santacana, J.M. Ginés Miranda, V. Chavarria Romero, B. Samsó Buxareu, A. Merino Torres, V. Pérez Solà
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
More than 60% of psychiatric patients are smokers. Besides a culture of smoking allowance amongst these patients, in the last years all psychiatric services in developed countries are becoming smoking free. Several studies have found negative expectancies in staff and patients where smoking bans are planned. Nevertheless, not many studies have focused on objective measures as changes in medication and features of the admissions period.
Objectives:We want to find differences in terms of clinical and treatment management in psychiatric hospitalization associated to smoking ban.
Methods:We collected data (regarding medication, socio-demographic and admission characteristics) from all patients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital in two different time periods, before and after the smoking ban was in force. We collected data (regarding medication, sociodemographic and admission characteristics) from all patients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital in two different time periods, before and after the smoking ban was in force.
Results:More number of leaves of absence (p=0,020) and movement restrictions (p=0,001) during the ban period occurred in comparison to the pre-ban period. On the contrary a lack of significant differences in terms of hospital stay (duration (p=0,479), rate of involuntary admissions (p=0,371) and voluntary discharges (p=0,377)), use of sedatives and doses of antipsychotics was found (p= 0,640 and p=0,194).
More number of leaves of absence (p=0,020) and movement restrictions (p=0,001) during the ban period occurred in comparison to the pre-ban period. On the contrary a lack of significant differences in terms of hospital stay (duration (p=0,479), rate of involuntary admissions (p=0,371) and voluntary discharges (p=0,377)), use of sedatives and doses of antipsychotics was found (p= 0,640 and p=0,194).
Conclusions:The smoking-ban may have driven to increased grants for leave of absence that secondarily may have underpin demands for leave of absence in patients not allowed to and thus, it may have contribute to an increase in movement restrictions. Further studies with longer periods after the ban may clarify this issue. The smoking-ban may have driven to increased grants for leave of absence that secondarily may have underpin demands for leave of absence in patients not allowed to and thus, it may have contribute to an increase in movement restrictions. Further studies with longer periods after the ban may clarify this issue.
Polydipsia and intermittent hyponatremia
- S. Ramos-Perdigues, M.J. Gordillo, C. Caballero, S. Latorre, S.V. Boned, G. Miriam, P. Torres, M. De Almuedo, M.T. Sanchez, E. Contreras, E. Gomez, E. Sanchez, M. Segura, C. Torres, G. Gemma, M. Tur, A. Fernandez, C. Merino
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s502
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Introduction
Hyponatraemia occurs in 4% of schizophrenic patients. Dilutional hyponatraemia, due to inappropriate retention of water and excretion of sodium, occurs with different psychotropic medications and could lead to hippocampal dysfunction. This complication is usually asymptomatic but can cause severe problems, as lethargy and confusion, difficult to diagnose in mentally ill patients.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of a patient with psychotropic poli-therapy, admitted three times due to hyponatremia and the pharmacological changes that improved his condition.
AimsTo broadcast the intermittent hyponatraemia and polydipsia (PIP), a not rare condition, suffered by treated schizophrenic patients and discuss its physiopathology and treatment thorough a case report.
MethodsA 56-year schizophrenic male was admitted for presenting disorganized behavior, agitation, auditory hallucinations, disorientation, ataxia, vomits and urinary retention. He was on clomipramine, haloperidol and clotiapine (recently added), quetiapine, fluphenazine and clonazepam. After water restriction his symptoms improved and he was discharged. Twenty-five days later, he was readmitted for presenting the same symptoms and after water restriction, he was discharged. Five days later, he was again admitted and transferred to the psychiatric ward.
ResultsHaloperidol, fluphenazine and clomipramine were replaced by clozapine. These changes lead him to normalize the hypoosmolality and reduce his water-voracity. Endocrinology team did not label this episode of SIADH due to its borderline blood and urine parameters.
ConclusionsHyponatremia is frequent in schizophrenic patients and may have severe consequences. Therefore, a prompt recognition and treatment is warranted.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sun lupus and energy. Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as mania
- M.J. Gordillo Montaño, S. Ramos Perdigues, M.A. Artacho Rodriguez, S. Latorre, C. Merino del Villar, C. Caballero Roy, S.V. Boned Torres, M. de Amuedo Rincon, P. Torres Llorens, M. Segura Valencia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s493
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Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease that can give neuropsychiatric episodes and systemic manifestations. About 57% of patients with SLE have neuropsychiatric manifestations in the course of their illness, however an initial presentation with neuropsychiatric clinic is rare.
ObjectiveDescribe how patients receiving corticosteroids as part of their treatment can develop mental disorders but not only them.
MethodIt will raise grounds with a case: 20-year-old woman recently diagnosed with SLE because of arthritis in his ankle. Treatment was initiated with prednisone 10 mg and chloroquine 200 MG. After 20 days the patient comes to the emergency after episode of turmoil at home with major affective clinical maniform. Presenting fever. The presence of fever downloads the possibility of a psychosis chloroquine or corticosteroids to be a small dose. Treatment was initiated with high doses of prednisone and immunosuppressants. In addition to associating specific anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs at usual doses for a manic episode.
ResultsTreatment of psychosis in SLE is essentially empirical, and depends on the etiology. It usually responds to the use of high doses of corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressive drugs. Psychosis induced by corticosteroids requires lowering them. It is valid concomitant use of antipsychotics.
ConclusionsThe presence of psychotic symptoms in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus forces to distinguish between various etiological possibilities.
Corticosteroids may cause a variety of psychiatric symptoms. And yet, in patients with SLE these syndromes are not always attributable to the use of corticosteroids.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Confusion between symptom and disease. Parkinson vs meningioma
- M.J. Gordillo Montaño, S. Ramos Perdigues, C. Merino del Villar, C. Caballero Roy, S. Latorre, M. Guisado Rico, A. Bravo Romero, S.V. Boned Torres, M. de Amuedo Rincon
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s493
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Introduction
Parkinson's disease is caused by decreased dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Psychosis occurs between 20 and 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic drugs act as aggravating or precipitating factor. Before the introduction of levodopa patients had described visual hallucinations but the frequency was below 5%.
ObjectiveIllustrated importance of treatment, reassessment after its introduction and refractoriness to answer; as well as the importance of a differential diagnosis at the onset of psychotic symptoms later in life.
MethodClinical case: female patient 75 years tracking Neurology by parkinsonism in relation to possible early Parkinson disease. She was prescribed rasagiline treatment. Begins to present visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional self-referential and injury. She had no previous psychiatric history. She went on several occasions to the emergency room, where the anti-Parkinson treatment is decreased to the withdrawal point and scheduled antipsychotics did not answer. Doses of antipsychotics are increased despite which symptoms persist and even increase psychotic symptoms. In this situation it is agreed to extend the study. Subsequently an NMR of the skull where the image is suggestive of a right occipital meningioma appears.
Results/conclusionsWith the emergence of psychotic symptoms later in life it will be important to ask a broad differential diagnosis, since in a large number of cases will be secondary to somatic or to drug therapies.
Parkinsonism can be a symptom of occipital meningioma, presenting in the psychotic clinic. Refractoriness, on one hand to the suspension of treatment for Parkinson's disease, such as poor response to antipsychotics, did extend the study, which ultimately gave us the diagnosis.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A broken heart
- M.J. Gordillo Montaño, S. Ramos Perdigues, S. Latorre, M. de Amuedo Rincon, P. Torres Llorens, S.V. Boned Torres, M. Segura Valencia, M. Guisado Rico, C. Merino del Villar
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S422-S423
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Introduction
Within the various cultures and throughout the centuries has observed the relationship between emotional states and heart function, colloquially calling him “heartbroken”. Also in the medical literature are references to cardiac alterations induced by stress.
ObjectiveTakotsubo is a rare cardiac syndrome that occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women after an acute episode of severe physical or emotional stress. In the text that concerns us, we describe a case related to an exacerbation of psychiatric illness, an episode maniform.
MethodWoman 71 years old with a history of bipolar I disorder diagnosed at age 20. Throughout her life, she suffered several depressive episodes as both manic episodes with psychotic symptoms. Carbamazepine treatment performed and venlafaxine. He previously performed treatment with lithium, which had to be suspended due to the impact on thyroid hormones and renal function, and is currently in pre-dialysis situation.
She requires significant adjustment treatment, not only removal of antidepressants, but introduction of high doses of antipsychotic and mood stabilizer change of partial responders. In the transcurso income, abrupt change in the physical condition of the patient suffers loss of consciousness, respiratory distress, drop in blood pressure, confusion, making involving several specialists. EEG was performed with abnormal activity, cranial CT, where no changes were observed, and after finally being Echocardiography and coronary angiography performed when diagnosed Takotsubo.
Results/conclusionsIn this case and with the available literature, we can conclude that the state of acute mania should be added to the list of psychosocial/stressors that can trigger this condition.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
I was not so
- M.J. Gordillo Montaño, S. Ramos Perdigues, E. Guillén Guillén, O. Lopez Berastegui, M. Guisado Rico, S.V. Boned Torres, M. De Amuedo Rincon, C. Merino del Villar, S. Latorre
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S668-S669
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Introduction
The frontal lobes are the brain structures of latest development and evolution in the human brain. It is considered that the frontal lobes represent the “executive center of the brain”. The frontal tumors represent 16% of all supratentorial tumors. Symptoms are easily confused as psychiatric rather than neurological.
ObjectivesCan see the alterations of the executive functions in a case of frontal affectation, for future cases know where to focus our attention and develop concepts associated with frontal lobe.
MethodThirty-year-old patient without relevant medical history. Go to the emergency department with major episode of agitation. After performing cranial CT abnormality, it is detected in the front area. Sign up study. It presents amnesia episode before admission, whereupon shown stunned and worried. The patient describes a change in your life 12 months ago, when it begins to be more nervous, increasing their impulsiveness, she has episodes of binge eating, purging behavior with subsequent occasional alcohol abuse. Jealousy. The patient is informed as much as your family of the possible impact of the injury on the behavioral sphere and impulse control when it is still unknown origin.
ConclusionsFrom a neuropsychological point of view the frontal lobes represent a system of planning, regulation and control of psychological processes; coordination and allow selection of multiple processes and various behavioral options and strategies available to the human being. Tumour research is important as it provides enough information we cognitive impairment. These patients exhibit symptoms that are easily confused as psychiatric rather than neurological.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clozapine induced diarrhea
- S. Ramos-Perdigues, M.J. Gordillo, C. Caballero, S. Latorre, S.V. Boned, M.T. Sanchez, P. Torres, M. Guisado, E. Contreras, M. De Almuedo, E. Esmeralda, E. Sanchez, M. Segura, A. Fernandez, C. Torres, G. Herrero, M. Tur, C. Merino
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s502
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Introduction
Clozapine (CZP) is the only antipsychotic approved for resistant schizophrenia 1. Due to its side effects, CZP is not the first therapeutic option in a psychotic episode. Its anticholinergic effects often cause constipation, however, diarrhea have also been described in literature.
ObjectivesWe describe a patient with two episodes of severe diarrhea after clozapine initiation, which lead to CZP discontinuation.
AimsDiscuss about the differential diagnosis of diarrhea in CZP patients and the needing of a further studies for clarify the more appropriate management in CZP induced diarrhea.
MethodsWe present a case report of a 46 years man diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder who presented two episodes of severe diarrhea with fever, which forced his transfer to internal medicine and UCI after CZP initiation.
ResultsAt the first episode analytical, radiological and histological findings led to Crohn's disease diagnosis, which required budesonide and mesalazine treatment. In the second episode, the digestive team concluded that the episode was due to clozapine toxicity despite the controversial findings (clostridium toxin and Crohn's compatible biopsies)
ConclusionsDiarrhea caused by CZP has been controversial in the literature. However due to the severity of digestive episodes and the paucity of alternative treatments further studies for a better understanding of its physiopathology are warranted.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a treatment discussion
- S. Ramos-perdigues, M.J. Gordillo, C. Caballero, S. Latorre, S.V. Boned, M. Guisado, M. De Almuedo, P. Torres, M.T. Sanchez, E. Contreras, A. Fernandez, G. Esmeralda, E. Sanchez, M. Segura, C. Torres, G. Herrero, M. Tur, C. Merino
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S318
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Introduction
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea and intractable vomiting, preceded by chronic use of cannabis. A pathognomonic characteristic is compulsive bathing in hot water. The resolution of the problem occurs when cannabis use is stopped. However, patients are often reluctant to discontinue cannabis. Treatment with anti-emetic medication is ineffective. Case series suggested haloperidol as a potential treatment. Other antipsychotics as olanzapine has been used as anti-emetic treatment in chemotherapy.
ObjectivesTo describe three cases of patients with CHS whom showed a successful response to olanzapine, even when, haloperidol had failed.
AimsTo present an alternative treatment for CHS which can offer benefits over haloperidol.
MethodsWe present three cases of patients who suffered from CHS and were admitted to emergency department. All patients were treated with olanzapine after conventional anti-hemetic treatment failure. One patient was also unsuccessfully treated with haloperidol.
ResultsAll three patients showed a good response to olanzapine treatment. Different presentations were effective: velotab and intramuscular. Their nausea, vomits and agitation were ameliorated. They could be discharge after maintained remission of symptoms.
ConclusionsOlanzapine should be considered as an adequate treatment for CHS. Its suitable receptorial profile, its availability in different routes of administration and its side effects profile could offer some benefits over haloperidol.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.