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Cumulative trauma exposure comparison between non-refugee immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder
- A. Trabsa Biskri, A. Mané, L. González, J. M. Ginés, F. Casanovas, A. Moreno, B. Amann, V. Pérez Sola
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S62
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Introduction
A significant global increase in immigration has been reported due to humanitarian crisis around the world. Trauma exposure related to migration process is usually multiple and maintained in long-term which could provoke a cumulative effect. Moreover, several meta-analysis describe increased risk for psychosis in immigrant population. Despite this increase, there is a lack of research in non-refugee immigrants specially within those with psychotic disorder.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to describe and compare cumulative lifetime trauma between immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder.
MethodsPatients who have presented, according to DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) from November 2019 to June 2021, leading to a total sample of 199 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Database information was completed with electronic medical records. Cumulative trauma Scale was used as instrument to assess lifetime trauma exposure frequency and distress. Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (Chicago INC) using Chi-Square Test for qualitative variables and t-Student test for continuous variables. Covariate adjustment with demographic and clinical variables was performed by ANOVA test. Study received local ethics committee approval “CEIC” (No. 2019/8398/I).
ResultsFrom a total of 198 patients, 99 (50%) were immigrants and 99 (50%) locals. Immigrants were exposed on average 3 times more to lifetime traumatic events (16.12) when compared to locals (5.39). Likewise, distress intensity caused by trauma exposure had a mean of 97.13 in immigrants compared to 27.24 in locals. Traumatic events more present in immigrants’ group were “uprooting” (82.8%), “physical abuse” (76.8%), racial discrimination (74.7%), threat of death (74.7%) and life-threatening to close friend (72.2%) and in local group was school failure (42.4%), serious disease (38.4%), accidents (36.4%), physical abuse (36.4%) and interpersonal relationship rejection (36.4%).
ConclusionsAccording to our results there are important differences in cumulative traumatic events between immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder. Immigrants showed three times more lifetime traumatic events than locals. Likewise, immigrants presented significant higher level of distress caused by lifetime trauma and the nature of traumatic events was more severe. These results should be considered in order to offer better assessment and treatment to this population considering this comorbidity.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
U-47700: The new emerging opioid drug
- D. Sanagustin Bosqued, M. De Dios Felis, E. Monteagudo Gimeno, S. Pérez Gonzaléz, A. Trabsa Biskri, L. Galindo Guarin, M. Grifell Guardia, P. Quintana Mathe, M. Torrens Melich
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S395
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Introduction
The trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) labelled as U-47700 has a high affinity with the selective receptor, considered to have 7.5 times the binding affinity of morphine; as a result, it is sold as a recreational drug because of its analgesic and euphoric effects. Several toxicity cases and some fatalities have been reported during 2016.
ObjectivesTo describe the presence of trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) in samples delivered to Energy Control during 2016 in Barcelona.
MethodsFrom January 2016 to October 2016, 4031 samples were delivered and only those samples containing trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) were studied, 6 of them were analysed as U-47700 (0.148%). Samples were analysed by energy control, a Spanish harm-reduction NGO that offers users the possibility of analysing the substances they intend to consume. Analysis was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
ResultsFrom the 6 samples that were analysed as trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl), the presentation of 4 of them was white powder and the rest were not described. The procedence of the samples was Canada (2), USA (1), Sweden (1), Holland (1) and the remaining sample was not described. All samples were received during 2016.
ConclusionsThe use of trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine)cyclohexyl) is progressively increasing in Barcelona. Its harmful effects are being reported in recent medical literature and consumption represents an emerging issue, gaining popularity among recreational opioid users. It is potentially lethal when mixed with depressants like alcohol or benzodiazepines and overdose risk is higher compared to other opioids. This drug is not being detected by routine in medical test.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
New designer benzodiazepines use in Barcelona
- S. Pérez González, M. De Dios Felis, E. Monteagudo Gimeno, D. Sanagustín Bosqued, A. Trabsa Biskri, M. Grifell Guàrdia, L. Galindo Guarín, P. Quintana Mathe, M. Torrens Melich
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S874
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Introduction
New designer benzodiazepines such as phenazepam, etizolam, diclazepam, clonazolam and flubromazolam have appeared in the recreational drug market due to that they provide an attractive alternative to prescription-only benzodiazepines as they are readily available over the Internet.
ObjectiveTo describe the presence of new designer benzodiazepines in samples delivered to energy control since 2010 to 2016 in Barcelona.
MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 24,551 samples were delivered to energy control. Among this samples 43 (0.175%) were analysed as benzodiazepines. They were analyzed by energy control, a Spanish harm reduction NGO that offers the possibility of analyzing the substances that users report. Analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
ResultsFrom the 43 samples analyzed as benzodiazepines, 1 (2.32%) was delivered in 2010, none in 2011, 2 (4.65%) in 2012, 2 (4.65%) in 2013, 1 (2.32%) in 2014, 15 (34.88%) in 2015 and 21 (48.83%) in 2016.
DiscussionThe data shows that new designer benzodiazepines use is increasing in Barcelona, especially in the last two years. Abuse an addiction to these drugs may be a new public health problem in Barcelona. Unknown side effects may appear due to lack of information about pharmacokinetic profile of these drugs.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.