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A systematic review of the effect of dietary and nutritional interventions on the behaviours and mental health of prisoners
- Matthew Poulter, Shelly Coe, Catherine Anna-Marie Graham, Bethan Leach, Jonathan Tammam
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 April 2024, pp. 1-14
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- Article
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- Open access
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Prisoners experience a higher burden of poor health, aggressive behaviours and worsening mental health than the general population. This systematic review aimed to identify research that used nutrition-based interventions in prisons, focusing on outcomes of mental health and behaviours. The systematic review was registered with Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 26 January 2022: CRD42022293370. Inclusion criteria comprised of current prisoners with no limit on time, location, age, sex or ethnicity. Only quantitative research in the English language was included. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched, retrieving 933 results, with 11 included for qualitative synthesis. Studies were checked for quality using the revised tool to assess risk of bias in randomised trials or risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions tool. Of the included studies, seven used nutritional supplements, three included diet changes, and one used education. Of the seven supplement-based studies, six included rule violations as an outcome, and only three demonstrated significant improvements. One study included mental health as an outcome; however, results did not reach significance. Of the three diet change studies, two investigated cognitive function as an outcome, with both reaching significance. Anxiety was included in one diet change study, which found a significant improvement through consuming oily fish. One study using diet education did not find a significant improvement in overall mental resilience. Overall, results are mixed, with the included studies presenting several limitations and heterogeneity. Future research should aim to consider increased homogeneity in research design, allowing for a higher quality of evidence to assess the role nutrition can play in improving the health of prisoners.
six - Lockdown! Resilience, resurgence, and the stage-set city
- Edited by Rowland Atkinson, University of Sheffield, Gesa Helms, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- Securing an Urban Renaissance
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 15 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 11 July 2007, pp 91-106
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Summary
For almost a week in February 2005, a large section of the newly regenerated south bank of the River Tyne, in Gateshead, was entirely sectioned off from the rest of the Newcastle-Gateshead conurbation by metal fencing, armed police, closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and road closures. The headline in the Newcastle Chronicle was ‘Lockdown!’ (Smith, 2005), and so it seemed to be. This is an increasingly familiar experience in many British cities: Brighton and Manchester had experienced much the same the year before, Edinburgh would later in the same year. In the former, as in Gateshead, it was the annual conference of the ruling Labour Party, in Edinburgh, the G8 summit.
This chapter examines the Gateshead ‘lockdown’ and traces this particular event back through three linked and increasingly intertwined contextual threads: disaster preparedness; urban management through territorial defence; and surveillance. It argues that these threads are being woven together in an emerging conception of urban resilience, a combination of security and recovery from disaster that is becoming increasingly central to urban policy, and furthermore that this urban resilience is itself being woven into concepts of urban competitiveness linked to regeneration, one aspect of which being the need for security of the elite-driven urban redevelopment agenda that relies heavily on attracting such ‘meetings tourism’ as both evidence and product of regional, national, or even global urban economic status. It argues that the intertwining of these trajectories in the resurgent city concept heralds an era of a renewed pragmatic and open control of the city by hyper-mobile transnational ‘kinetic elites’ who, while participating little in the slow, difficult, and more dangerous spaces of ordinary people, are able to move rapidly in and through urban spaces with little risk to themselves (Slotterdijk, 1998; Murakami Wood & Graham, 2006). However, it also argues that such controls, like the perambulatory mediaeval court, and like the regeneration strategies they seek to protect, are in many ways superficial and image-centred, or what Williams (2004) calls, the city “not so much materialised, as staged” (p 229), and that this undermines many of the claims to resilience.