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The relation between electroconvulsive therapy and dopamine
- C. A. Ciobanu, L. Ionescu, L.-M. Geafer, C.-P. Niculae, A.-M. Ciobanu
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1067-S1068
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Introduction
The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment for psychotic disorders is well-documented and effective. Despite the fact that ECT is often used, the precise neurobiological mechanisms supporting its effectiveness are still incompletely understood. Over the pastyears, extensive research on primates, rodents, and humans has begun to clarify the effects of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) and ECT on neurotransmission systems such the dopaminergic system.
ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to search evidence in the literature regarding the effects of ECT on the dopamine system.
MethodsIn order to write this article, we searched for information in the most important scientific articles from the Google Scholar and Pubmed databases regarding the effects of ECT on the dopaminergic system.
ResultsECT and electroconvulsive shock are linked to enhanced dopamine release and dopamine receptor modification. Human studies show that ECT activates the dopamine system. In a study by Rudorfer et al., it was discovered that ECT increased the amount of homovanillic acid (HVA), a marker of dopamine turnover, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CRF). One important study indicates that monkeys given a brief clinical course of ECT (six sessions only) exhibit significant changes in dopaminergic presynaptic neurotransmission, with baseline function returning to quadratic (‘inverted U’ shape) by six weeks of the last ECT treatment. According to single-unit electrophysiological methods, repeated electroconvulsive shock to rats causes a subsensitivity of dopamine autoreceptors in the substantia nigra. Since effects identical to those reported with repeated treatment were also detected when a single electroconvulsive shock was followed by an acceptable treatment-free interval, this decreased sensitivity is time-dependent.
ConclusionsThe results support the idea that ECT boosts the dopamine system and can be an effective strategy in the management of psychotic disorders.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cyclic voltammetry as a measuring tool in Parkinson’s disease and associated psychiatric commorbidities
- C. A. Ciobanu, I. Ionita, A.-I. Mihailescu, A.-M. Ciobanu
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S757-S758
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Introduction
Despite the rapid increase in disability and death due to Parkinson’s disease and associated psychiatric comorbidities (psychosis, depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety), the quest for a clear pathophysiological mechanism and treatment remains elusive. Numerous studies aim to identify a metabolomic fingerprint for PD and new, promising biomarkers are discovered with implications beyond neurodegenerative diseases, such as novel markers as predictors of bipolar type in depressed patients.Changes in neuronal microenvironment employ electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, used in both animal and human models of PD to monitor dopamine (DA) alterations in vivo, with high spatial and temporal resolution.
ObjectivesOur aim is to investigate the latest scientific literature on PD and associated neuropsychiatric disorders and review the applications cyclic voltammetry has in recent technological advances in the field.
MethodsTo gain a broad understanding of the subject, we have consulted multiple scientific literature databases (PubMed, Google Academic, Science Direct) using the keywords “cyclic voltammetry, Parkinson’s disease, psychiatric disorders, dopamine” and included original research articles published in the last 10 years
ResultsThe first in situ measurement of DA release in the human brain has been demonstrated in a sequential investment task, with implications for future research in decision-making behavior.
One study combines cyclic voltammetry and wireless telemetry for in vivo recording of changes in extracellular levels of DA, with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Disulfide nanorod-graphene-β-cyclodextrin nanocomposites biosensors have been succesfully used in detecting DA in rodent brain and human blood serum samples, with implications for minimally invasive measuring techniques.
Animal studies use cyclic voltammetry to monitor changes in DA levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of mouse models of PD and investigate DA metabolism, release, uptake and receptor sensitivity in Knock-out mice, with implications for the diurnal variation of extracellular DA tone and release.Furthermore, a human alpha-synuclein-expressing mouse model of PD exhibited increased extracellular DA concentrations, decreased DA uptake and relieved paired-stimulus depression.
ConclusionsCyclic voltammetry is a powerful tool in the expansion to humans of electrochemical recording techniques in PD. The final aim is to investigate DA neuron physiology before neurodegeneration onset and to measure neurotransmitter release in real time.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The role of social acuity assessment in differentiating primary psychoses from drug-induced psychoses
- V. Ciobanu, M. Minciună, B. Bucatos, M. Ciotu, C. Sudrijan, A. Olteanu, A.-M. Bortun, M. Bondrescu, I. Papavă, A.-M. Romosan, R. Romosan, L. Dehelean
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, pp. S240-S241
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Introduction
The dual diagnosis among patients with primary psychotic disorders is frequent and causes diagnostic and treatment challenges. In clinical practice, differentiating between substance-induced psychoses and independent (primary) psychoses when the patient is actively using drugs of addiction, is difficult, especially in the acute phase of the psychosis.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to identify clinical data relevant for differentiating between primary psychoses triggered by addictive drug misuse and substance-induced psychoses, using psychometric scales.
MethodsThe study was conducted on 111 patients divided in four samples: 28 dual diagnosis psychotic patients (DD), 27 bipolar patients (BD), 25 schizoaffective patients (SCA) and 31 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). The subjects were assessed using scales for the severity of psychiatric symptoms, cognitive functions and social acuity (theory of mind): BPRS-E (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded), MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), CBS (Cambridge Behavioral Scale), and RMET (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test). The tests were performed when patients were in the remission phase of the psychosis.
ResultsBPRS-E scores showed significant differences between DD subjects and patients from the other three samples (primary psychoses). CBS revealed significant differences between the DD subjects and patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychoses (SCA and SCZ). RMET identified significant differences between DD and BD patients.
ConclusionsAlthough differentiating between substance-induced and primary psychoses remains a difficult task, social acuity assessment performed in remitted patients may be helpful in guiding the clinician to establish a more accurate diagnosis.
Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network
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- K. Ackley, V. B. Adya, P. Agrawal, P. Altin, G. Ashton, M. Bailes, E. Baltinas, A. Barbuio, D. Beniwal, C. Blair, D. Blair, G. N. Bolingbroke, V. Bossilkov, S. Shachar Boublil, D. D. Brown, B. J. Burridge, J. Calderon Bustillo, J. Cameron, H. Tuong Cao, J. B. Carlin, S. Chang, P. Charlton, C. Chatterjee, D. Chattopadhyay, X. Chen, J. Chi, J. Chow, Q. Chu, A. Ciobanu, T. Clarke, P. Clearwater, J. Cooke, D. Coward, H. Crisp, R. J. Dattatri, A. T. Deller, D. A. Dobie, L. Dunn, P. J. Easter, J. Eichholz, R. Evans, C. Flynn, G. Foran, P. Forsyth, Y. Gai, S. Galaudage, D. K. Galloway, B. Gendre, B. Goncharov, S. Goode, D. Gozzard, B. Grace, A. W. Graham, A. Heger, F. Hernandez Vivanco, R. Hirai, N. A. Holland, Z. J. Holmes, E. Howard, E. Howell, G. Howitt, M. T. Hübner, J. Hurley, C. Ingram, V. Jaberian Hamedan, K. Jenner, L. Ju, D. P. Kapasi, T. Kaur, N. Kijbunchoo, M. Kovalam, R. Kumar Choudhary, P. D. Lasky, M. Y. M. Lau, J. Leung, J. Liu, K. Loh, A. Mailvagan, I. Mandel, J. J. McCann, D. E. McClelland, K. McKenzie, D. McManus, T. McRae, A. Melatos, P. Meyers, H. Middleton, M. T. Miles, M. Millhouse, Y. Lun Mong, B. Mueller, J. Munch, J. Musiov, S. Muusse, R. S. Nathan, Y. Naveh, C. Neijssel, B. Neil, S. W. S. Ng, V. Oloworaran, D. J. Ottaway, M. Page, J. Pan, M. Pathak, E. Payne, J. Powell, J. Pritchard, E. Puckridge, A. Raidani, V. Rallabhandi, D. Reardon, J. A. Riley, L. Roberts, I. M. Romero-Shaw, T. J. Roocke, G. Rowell, N. Sahu, N. Sarin, L. Sarre, H. Sattari, M. Schiworski, S. M. Scott, R. Sengar, D. Shaddock, R. Shannon, J. SHI, P. Sibley, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. Slaven-Blair, R. J. E. Smith, J. Spollard, L. Steed, L. Strang, H. Sun, A. Sunderland, S. Suvorova, C. Talbot, E. Thrane, D. Töyrä, P. Trahanas, A. Vajpeyi, J. V. van Heijningen, A. F. Vargas, P. J. Veitch, A. Vigna-Gomez, A. Wade, K. Walker, Z. Wang, R. L. Ward, K. Ward, S. Webb, L. Wen, K. Wette, R. Wilcox, J. Winterflood, C. Wolf, B. Wu, M. Jet Yap, Z. You, H. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. Zhao, X. Zhu
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 November 2020, e047
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Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2–4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.
P0309 - Voltammetric determination of neurotransmitters as biochemical markers in psychiatric diseases
- A. Ciucu, C. Negulescu, A. Ciobanu, D. Marinescu
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 23 / Issue S2 / April 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S172
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In the medical field, the monitoring of the neurotransmitters in depressive patients represents a major demand focusing of course on the health state of the patients, with social and economical effects. The efficient control of the health state cannot be realized with the help of the traditional chemical and/or biochemical methods precise and selective, but expensive and laborious. Traditional methods for identification and detection and of neurotransmitters lack the speed and sensitivity to be of real usage since that they are not real time or even typically completed in a single day. One possible solution is represented by the use of the chemically modified electrodes. The compatibility with micro-fabrication technology and the low cost of these devices make them promising tool for the rapid and inexpensive detection on-line of neurotransmitters.
In the study of phthalocyanine (PhC) chemistry, an area of particular interest in recent years has been the formation and characterization of polymeric compounds in various forms and the use of these compounds to carry out well known PhC applications involving catalysis, analysis, etc. Metallophthalocyanine (MPhC) complexes catalyze the detection of neurotransmitters. The catalytic activity of ferophthalocyanine towards different neurotransmitters was compared with those of Co and NiMPhC complexes. The chemically modified electrodes have been tested for the capacity to electrochemically detect dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin (5-HT). Interference of ascorbic acid in the CP modified electrodes response was also investigated. Applications on real samples will be considered.
The impact of anxiety and depression on academic performance in undergraduate medical students
- A.I. Mihăilescu, L.V. Diaconescu, A.M. Ciobanu, T. Donisan, C. Mihailescu
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s284
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Introduction
Stress associated with medical education, correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, has been involved in generating academic performance problems and thus, long-term consequences, such as poor quality of medical care. If anxiety and depression are proved to influence quality of academic achievement, their prevention could lead to better outcomes also in the quality of medical care.
ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to analyze if anxiety and depression decrease academic performance in first and second year medical students.
MethodsAs a measure of anxiety and depression symptoms we used Zung Self-rating Anxiety score > 36, respectively Zung Self-rating Depression Scale score > 40, in the periods before the examination session, in the first semester (in no-stress conditions). As a measure of academic performance, we have obtained the average grade at the end of the academic year from 254 of the total population of 356 first and second year medical students. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS version 16 (Spearman correlations and logistic regression).
ResultsAcademic performance decreases inversely in rapport of anxiety (rho = –0.144, P < 0.05) and depression (rho = –0.192, P < 0.05) scores in the period before the examination session. Also, depression in this period predicts low levels of academic performance with average grade in the inferior quarter (grades lower than 7.52) particularly in first year students, irrespective of gender (χ2 = 8.922, P < 0.01, OR = 0.928; IC 95% = 0.864–0.997).
ConclusionThese findings suggest the necessity of coming up with prophylactic methods to prevent anxiety and depression especially in first year medical students, as these prove to be factors that impend academic performance.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Paragenesis of Cu-Fe ores from Ocna de Fier-Dognecea (Romania), typifying fluid plume mineralization in a proximal skarn setting
- N. J. Cook, C. L. Ciobanu
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- Journal:
- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 65 / Issue 3 / June 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 351-372
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Trace mineral assemblages in the bornite- and chalcopyrite-rich Cu-Fe zone of the Ocna de Fier-Dognecea skarn deposits, Banat, SW Romania provide additional constraints on the genesis of this classic zoned skarn system. Observed assemblages substantiate a model, in which the Cu-Fe zone forms the proximal fluid-plume root of the system. Observed trace mineral assemblages in the magnesian forsterite-bearing skarns crystallized at ~650°C in a volatile-rich environment, evidenced by widespread phlogopite, ludwigite, valleriite and apatite. The entire assemblage thus belongs to the initial stage of skarn formation. Prolonged cooling led to sequential exsolution of trace mineral phases from bornite and chalcopyrite during the retrograde stage, although still at temperatures in excess of 500°C. Bornite is typified by the abundance of exsolved phases along cleavage planes and along crystal margins, notably chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, but also cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite, galena, mawsonite, silver and electrum. Chalcopyrite hosts cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite, galena and a sequence of Se- and Te-bearing minerals (kawazulite, bohdanowiczite, hessite, volynskite), along, although not restricted to, grain margins. The assemblage bornite-chalcopyrite-magnetite, with the trace phases, cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite and various Se- and Te-bearing minerals represents a characteristic assemblage common to a disparate range of deposits formed at temperatures in excess of 500°C in the presence of volatiles and typified by relatively low fS2 fluids.
Micron- to nano-scale intergrowths among members of the cuprobismutite series and paděraite: HRTEM and microanalytical evidence
- C. L. Ciobanu, A. Pring, N. J. Cook
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- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 68 / Issue 2 / April 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 279-300
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Coherent intergrowths, at the lattice scale, between cuprobismutite (N = 2) and structurally related paděraite along both major axes (15 Å and 17 Å repeats) of the two minerals are reported within skarn from Ocna de Fier, Romania. The structural subunit, DTD, 3 layers of paděraite, is involved at interfaces of the two minerals along the 15 Å repeat, as well as in transposition of 1 paděraite unit to 2 cuprobismutite units along the 17 Å repeat in slip defects. Lattice images obtained by HRTEM across intervals of 200–400 nm show short- to long-range stacking sequences of cuprobismutite and padeÏ raite ribbons. Such nanoscale slabs mimic mm-scale intergrowths observed in back-scattered electron images at three orders of magnitude greater. These slabs are compositionally equivalent to intermediaries in the cuprobismutite-paděraite range encountered during microanalysis. Hodrushite (N = 1.5) is identified in the mm-scale intergrowths, but its absence in the lattice images indicates that, in this case, formation of polysomes between structurally related phases is favoured instead of stacking disorder among cuprobismutite homologues. The tendency for short-range ordering and semi-periodic occurrence of polysomes suggests they are the result of an oscillatory chemical signal with periodicity varying from one to three repeats of 15 Å, rather than simple ‘accidents’ or irregular structural defects. Lead distribution along the polysomes is modelled as an output signal modulated by the periodicity of stacking sequences, with Pb carried within the D units of paděraite. This type of modulator acts as a patterning operator activated by chemical waves with amplitudes that encompass the chemical difference between the minerals. Conversion of the paděraite structural subunit DTD to the C unit of cuprobismutite, conserving interval width, emphasizes that polysomatic modularity also assists interference of chemical signals with opposite amplitudes. Observed coarsening of lattice-scale intergrowths up to the mm-scale implies coupling between diffusion-controlled structural modulation, and rhythmic precipitation at the skarn front during crystallization.
Bismuth tellurides and sulphosalts from the Larga hydrothermal system, Metaliferi Mts , Romania: Paragenesis and genetic significance
- N. J. Cook, C. L. Ciobanu
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- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 68 / Issue 2 / April 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 301-321
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Intermediate levels of the Larga-Fatţa Báii field, Metaliferi Mts., Romania, are host to epithermal vein mineralization, small skarn-like bodies and ‘geode’-like replacement ores, that together form a complex hydrothermal system rooted in the subjacent andesite stock. Silver-Pb-Bi sulphosalts, some with Sb and/or Se, are intimately associated with hessite and a range of Bi-tellurides with Bi/(Te+S+Se) ≤1 (tetradymite, tellurobismuthite, tsumoite, Pb-free rucklidgeite) within all these ore types. Lillianite homologues, both ordered 4L and 7L derivatives (lillianite, gustavite), and disordered varieties are the most abundant sulphosalts, with subordinate bismuthinite derivatives (aikinite, krupkaite, bismuthinite). An exceptionally Ag-rich lillianite homologue, intimately intergrown with tetradymite and hessite, is identified as treasureite on the basis of chemical composition. Porphyry-style mineralization from 600 m beneath the studied level contains rucklidgeite as the single stable Bi-telluride. The trace mineralogy of the system is suggestive of a hydrothermal system strongly zoned with respect to fTe2 and, to a lesser extent, also fS2. Mineralogical and textural evidence suggests that initial crystallization took place at temperatures in excess of 400°C. The association of gold with Bi-minerals is linked to the role of Bimelt as a scavenger for gold, and deposition within ‘droplets’ simultaneous with the formation of arsenopyrite from löllingite + pyrrhotite. Both Bi-tellurosulphides and sulphosalts are commonly non-stoichiometric, a fact that can be correlated with order-disorder in both series. When widely distributed, as in the Larga system, trace amounts of Bi-minerals (sulphosalts, tellurides/tellurosulphides) have considerable, untapped potential as tracers of the physical-chemical character of an evolving hydrothermal system.
Contributors
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- By R. J. Aitken, Gokhan Akkoyunlu, David F. Albertini, Christiani A. Amorim, R. A. Anderson, Baris Ata, Pedro N. Barri, Mohamed A. Bedaiwy, Rosita Bergström, Veronica Bianchi, Montserrat Boada, Paolo Boffetta, Andrea Borini, Karina Braga Ribeiro, Peter R. Brinsden, Ralph L. Brinster, Jason G. Bromer, A. L. Caplan, Chian Ri-Cheng, Ina N. Cholst, A. Ciobanu, Megan Clowse, Ana Cobo, Susannah C. Copland, John K. Critser, B. J. Curry, Giuseppe Del Priore, M. De Vos, Marie-Madeleine Dolmans, Javier Domingo, Jacques Donnez, David H. Edgar, Nanette R. Elster, Carol Fabian, Gregory M. Fahy, Tommaso Falcone, Debra Friedman, Jill P. Ginsberg, Debra A. Gook, Julie R. Gralow, Elizabeth Grill, Sebastien Gouy, Xu Han, Lisa M. Harlan-Williams, Outi Hovatta MD, Wayland Hsiao, Zhongwei Huang, E. Isachenko, V. Isachenko, Roy A. Jensen, I. I. Katkov, S. Samuel Kim, Jennifer Klemp, Larissa A. Korde, R. Kreienberg, Srinivasan Krishnamurthy, Juergen Liebermann, J. Ryan Martin, Elizabeth A. McGee, Marie McLaughlin, P. Mathevet, D. Meirow, Philippe Morice, Steven F. Mullen, Kutluk Oktay, Pasquale Patrizio, Antonio Pellicer, Pinki K. Prasad, Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg, Erin Rohde, Allison B. Rosen, Zev Rosenwaks, María Sánchez, R. Sanchez, Glenn L. Schattman, Peter N. Schlegel, Einat Shalom-Paz, Lonnie D. Shea, Gunapala Shetty, Jill Simmons, Carrie A. Smith, J. Smitz, Miquel Solé, Jean Squifflet, Shane R. Stecklein, Jerome F. Strauss, David J. Tagler, Seang Lin Tan, Evelyn E. Telfer, Sreedhar Thirumala, Michael J. Tucker, Catherine Uzan, Anne Van Langendonckt, Anna Veiga, W. H. B. Wallace, Wenjia Wang, Brent Waters, Dagan Wells, Teresa K. Woodruff, Erik Woods, Christine Wyns
- Edited by Jacques Donnez, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, S. Samuel Kim, University of Kansas
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- Book:
- Principles and Practice of Fertility Preservation
- Published online:
- 04 February 2011
- Print publication:
- 03 February 2011, pp x-xiv
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