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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom
- Part of
- Colin N. Danson, Malcolm White, John R. M. Barr, Thomas Bett, Peter Blyth, David Bowley, Ceri Brenner, Robert J. Collins, Neal Croxford, A. E. Bucker Dangor, Laurence Devereux, Peter E. Dyer, Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw, Christopher B. Edwards, Paul Ewart, Allister I. Ferguson, John M. Girkin, Denis R. Hall, David C. Hanna, Wayne Harris, David I. Hillier, Christopher J. Hooker, Simon M. Hooker, Nicholas Hopps, Janet Hull, David Hunt, Dino A. Jaroszynski, Mark Kempenaars, Helmut Kessler, Sir Peter L. Knight, Steve Knight, Adrian Knowles, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, Ken S. Lipton, Abby Littlechild, John Littlechild, Peter Maggs, Graeme P. A. Malcolm, OBE, Stuart P. D. Mangles, William Martin, Paul McKenna, Richard O. Moore, Clive Morrison, Zulfikar Najmudin, David Neely, Geoff H. C. New, Michael J. Norman, Ted Paine, Anthony W. Parker, Rory R. Penman, Geoff J. Pert, Chris Pietraszewski, Andrew Randewich, Nadeem H. Rizvi, Nigel Seddon, MBE, Zheng-Ming Sheng, David Slater, Roland A. Smith, Christopher Spindloe, Roy Taylor, Gary Thomas, John W. G. Tisch, Justin S. Wark, Colin Webb, S. Mark Wiggins, Dave Willford, Trevor Winstone
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 9 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 April 2021, e18
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- Article
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The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
3 - Anaesthesia for ECT
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- By Simon C. Walker, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, C. John Bowley, Nottingham University Hospitals, Heather A. C. Walker, North Manchester General Hospital
- Edited by Jonathan Waite, Andrew Easton
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- Book:
- The ECT Handbook
- Published by:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published online:
- 25 February 2017, pp 14-27
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Summary
The anaesthetic team
Anaesthesia for ECT must be given by an experienced anaesthetist, capable of managing potential complications at a site that is usually isolated from theatres and often remote from the main hospital. Assistance is provided by a suitably trained operating department practitioner or anaesthetic nurse, and patients must be recovered by staff who have received appropriate theoretical and practical training (Royal College of Anaesthetists, 2009). Each department involved in ECT should allocate the responsibility for providing this service to a lead consultant anaesthetist (Cresswell et al, 2012) whose duties should include:
• ensuring suitable training, guidance and support is provided for those giving anaesthesia for ECT
• supervising and advising on the assessment of patients and their preparation for general anaesthesia
• ensuring the provision of suitable anaesthetic and monitoring equipment, appropriately trained anaesthetic assistants and recovery staff
• drawing up and reviewing of guidelines, regular audit against national standards, and reviewing of critical incidents
• liaising with other members of the ECT team, including regular multidisciplinary team meetings.
Equipment in the ECT suite (see also Chapter 2)
The main treatment area should be of adequate size, well lit and be equipped with tilting trolleys with cot sides that can be padded. This will be used for treatment and recovery until the patient can sit in a chair. Consideration should be given to equipment to facilitate the moving and handling of an unconscious patient. A secure drug storage cupboard, a small fridge and hand-washing facilities should be immediately available, and the room should have a clock with a second hand.
A full anaesthetic machine is not necessarily required but there must be a flow-controlled oxygen supply, either by pipeline or cylinder (plus reserve), with a Bain or Waters circuit to support ventilation. Airway circuits should be checked for function and patency prior to use. Suction of sufficient power must be available with Yankauer ends and soft suction catheters.
The recovery area should be immediately accessible from the treatment area and each first-stage recovery bay should be equipped with suitable lighting, an oxygen supply and suction.
3 - Anaesthesia for ECT
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- By Simon C. Walker, Consultant Anaesthetist, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, C. John Bowley, retired Consultant Anaesthetist, Nottingham University Hospitals, Heather A. C. Walker, retired Consultant Anaesthetist, North Manchester General Hospital
- Edited by Jonathan Waite, Andrew Easton
-
- Book:
- The ECT Handbook
- Published online:
- 02 January 2018
- Print publication:
- 01 May 2013, pp 14-27
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
The anaesthetic team
Anaesthesia for ECT must be given by an experienced anaesthetist, capable of managing potential complications at a site that is usually isolated from theatres and often remote from the main hospital. Assistance is provided by a suitably trained operating department practitioner or anaesthetic nurse, and patients must be recovered by staff who have received appropriate theoretical and practical training (Royal College of Anaesthetists, 2009). Each department involved in ECT should allocate the responsibility for providing this service to a lead consultant anaesthetist (Cresswell et al, 2012) whose duties should include:
• ensuring suitable training, guidance and support is provided for those giving anaesthesia for ECT
• supervising and advising on the assessment of patients and their preparation for general anaesthesia
• ensuring the provision of suitable anaesthetic and monitoring equipment, appropriately trained anaesthetic assistants and recovery staff
• drawing up and reviewing of guidelines, regular audit against national standards, and reviewing of critical incidents
• liaising with other members of the ECT team, including regular multidisciplinary team meetings.
Equipment in the ECT suite (see also Chapter 2)
The main treatment area should be of adequate size, well lit and be equipped with tilting trolleys with cot sides that can be padded. This will be used for treatment and recovery until the patient can sit in a chair. Consideration should be given to equipment to facilitate the moving and handling of an unconscious patient. A secure drug storage cupboard, a small fridge and hand-washing facilities should be immediately available, and the room should have a clock with a second hand.
A full anaesthetic machine is not necessarily required but there must be a flow-controlled oxygen supply, either by pipeline or cylinder (plus reserve), with a Bain or Waters circuit to support ventilation. Airway circuits should be checked for function and patency prior to use. Suction of sufficient power must be available with Yankauer ends and soft suction catheters.
The recovery area should be immediately accessible from the treatment area and each first-stage recovery bay should be equipped with suitable lighting, an oxygen supply and suction.
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