5 results
Parasomnias in patients with addictions—a systematic review
- Ulises Jiménez-Correa, Rafael Santana-Miranda, Andrés Barrera-Medina, Juan M. Martínez-Núñez, Hernán A. Marín-Agudelo, Adrián Poblano, Carlos H. Schenck, Irma Hernández-Berber
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 58-65
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Parasomnias are involuntary behaviors or subjective experiences during sleep. Our objective was to review existing information on the presence of parasomnias in patients with addictions or during treatment for addictions. Information about parasomnias related to rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in patients with addictions, while using substances or in abstinence, was reviewed. A systematic search of published articles reporting parasomnias as a consequence of drug use or abuse was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases. The search for the studies was performed in three phases: (1) by title, (2) by abstract, and (3) by complete text. The search was performed independently by two researchers, who then compared their results from each screening phase. Seventeen articles were found. The consumption of alcohol was reported in association with arousal disorders, such as sexsomnia and sleep-related eating disorder; and REM sleep behavior disorder was reported during alcohol withdrawal. Cocaine abuse was associated with REM sleep behavior disorder with drug consumption dream content. Overall, we found that several types of parasomnias were very frequent in patients with addictions. To avoid accidents in bedroom, legal problems, and improve evolution and prognosis; must be mandatory to include security measures related to sleep period; avoid pharmacological therapy described as potential trigger factor; improve sleep hygiene; and give pharmacological and behavioral treatments for patients with these comorbid sleep disorders.
Thermocapillary migration of droplets under molecular and gravitational forces
- J. R. Mac Intyre, J. M. Gomba, Carlos Alberto Perazzo, P. G. Correa, M. Sellier
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 847 / 25 July 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 May 2018, pp. 1-27
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We study the thermocapillary migration of two-dimensional droplets of partially wetting liquids on a non-uniformly heated surface. The effect of a non-zero contact angle is imposed through a disjoining–conjoining pressure term. The numerical results for two different molecular interactions are compared: on the one hand, London–van der Waals and ionic–electrostatics molecular interactions that account for polar liquids; on the other hand, long- and short-range molecular forces that model molecular interactions of non-polar fluids. In addition, the effect of gravity on the velocity of the drop is analysed. We find that for small contact angles, the long-time dynamics is independent of the molecular potential, and the footprint of the droplet increases with the square root of time. For intermediate contact angles we observe that polar droplets are more likely to break up into smaller volumes than non-polar ones. A linear stability analysis allows us to predict the number of droplets after breakup occurs. In this regime, the effect of gravity is stabilizing: it reduces the growth rates of the unstable modes and increases the shortest unstable wavelength. When breakup is not observed, the droplet moves steadily with a profile that consists in a capillary ridge followed by a film of constant thickness, for which we find power law dependencies with the cross-sectional area of the droplet, the contact angle and the temperature gradients. For large contact angles, non-polar liquids move faster than polar ones, and the velocity is proportional to the Marangoni stress. We find power law dependencies for the velocity for the different regimes of flow. The numerical results allow us to shed light on experimental facts such as the origin of the elongation of droplets and the existence of saturation velocity.
Potential source regions of biogenic aerosol number concentration apportioning at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula
- Alexandre S. Alencar, Heitor Evangelista, Elaine A. Dos Santos, Sergio M. Correa, Myriam Khodri, Virginia M.T. Garcia, Carlos A.E. Garcia, Enio B. Pereira, Alberto R. Piola, Israel Felzenszwalb
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- Journal:
- Antarctic Science / Volume 22 / Issue 5 / October 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2010, pp. 580-588
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Nowadays it is well accepted that background aerosols in the boundary layer over remote oceans are of marine origin and not aged continental. Particularly in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean at least four main important regions exhibit significant ocean primary productivity. They are the Bellingshausen–Amundsen Sea, the Weddell Sea, the southern Argentinean shelf and the southern Chilean coast. In this work, we have combined ground-based continuous atmospheric sampling of aerosol number concentration (ANC), over-sea dimethyl sulphide (DMS) measurements, chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration provided by Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite images, in situ meteorological data and monthly regional NCEP-NCAR re-analysis wind fields in order to investigate the relative contribution of each of the above regions to the apportionment of the ANC at King George Island (KGI), South Shetland Islands. Our results suggest that, at least during the period from September 1998–December 1999, the southern Argentinean shelf acted as the main contributor to the ANC measured in KGI.
8 - Can the TRIPS Agreement Foster Technology Transfer to Developing Countries?
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- By Carlos M. Correa, Director, Center on Interdisciplinary Studies Industrial Property and Economics University of Buenos Aires
- Edited by Keith E. Maskus, University of Colorado, Boulder, Jerome H. Reichman, Duke University, North Carolina
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- Book:
- International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime
- Published online:
- 05 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 08 June 2005, pp 227-256
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Summary
Introduction
Since the 1970s, developing countries have expressed in various international fora their preoccupation about access to foreign technologies as a means of enhancing their technological capabilities and of narrowing the deep North-South gap in development levels. In response, developed countries argued during the Uruguay Round negotiations that strengthening and expanding the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) was a key condition to promote increased flows of technology transfer to developing countries. This argument has been repeatedly articulated by TRIPS enthusiasts and the industries that most benefit from the international rules set forth in the TRIPS Agreement.
Developing countries, however, have become increasingly skeptical about the existence of a virtuous relationship between IPRs and technology transfer. This skepticism underpins the request by these countries to establish a Working Group on Trade and Technology Transfer in the WTO, as agreed upon by the Doha Ministerial Conference, in November 2001.
A number of studies have been conducted to assess the impact of IPRs on technology transfer. However, the available evidence is limited and ambiguous, as is the case with regard to studies of the implications of IPR regimes on the flows of foreign direct investment. Some countries with “weak” IPR protection schemes, such as South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, had been among the major technology borrowers in the pre-TRIPS era. The reverse situation can also be found.
2 - The public health implications of multilateral trade agreements
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- By M. Kent Ranson, Ph.D. candidate Health Policy Unit of LSHTM, Robert Beaglehole, Professor of Community Health University of Auckland, New Zealand, Carlos M. Correa, Lawyer and Economist; Director of the Master Program on Science and Technology Policy and Management and Director of the postgraduate course on Intellectual Property University of Buenos Aires; Consultant UNCTAD, UNIDO, WHO, FAO, Interamerican Development Bank, INTAL, World Bank, SELA, ECLA, and other regional and international organizations, Zafar Mirza, Public health specialist A national consumer protection organisation in Pakistan and combines research pursuits with activism at national and international level, Kent Buse, Assistant Professor of International Health School of Public Health at the Yale University School of Medicine, Nick Drager, Coordinator: Globlization, Cross Sectoral Policies and Human Rights Department of Health and Sustainable Development with the World Health Organisation
- Edited by Kelley Lee, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Kent Buse, Yale University, Connecticut, Suzanne Fustukian, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh
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- Book:
- Health Policy in a Globalising World
- Published online:
- 22 September 2009
- Print publication:
- 08 August 2002, pp 18-40
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Summary
Introduction
An important feature of the modern global trading environment has been the establishment of a comprehensive legal and institutional foundation to regulate international trade in the context of a general desire to enhance political and economic stability. Since 1947, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has provided a rules-based regime to govern world trade, but has had limited powers of enforcement. In recognition of the expanding network and volume of world trade, the GATT evolved in 1995 into the World Trade Organization (WTO), an international organisation with the mandate to reduce trade barriers to goods and services and to mediate trade disputes between countries. Under the WTO, the rules and regulations that guide world trade are entrenched in multilateral trade agreements (MTAs) that are enforceable through a binding dispute resolution mechanism. The underlying assumption of the WTO system is that human welfare will increase through economic growth based on trade liberalisation in the context of non-discriminatory rules and transparency. From a public health perspective, this desirable goal requires linking the benefits of the global trading system to sound social policies (Drager 1999)
This chapter explores from a public health perspective the impact, actual and potential, of selected WTO MTAs on health policy, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The purpose of this analysis is to suggest policy options for ensuring that existing, and any future, MTAs are more sensitive to public health issues.
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