6 results
Size matters: locality of residence and media use in later life
- Dennis Rosenberg, Galit Nimrod
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 42 / Issue 10 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 February 2021, pp. 2323-2342
- Print publication:
- October 2022
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Various factors determine the use of media in later life. Nevertheless, spatial inequalities among older media users have been accorded little attention in academic research. This study aimed to explore differences in variety (number) and intensity (duration) of both traditional and new media use among older adults residing in various types of localities. Data were obtained from the second wave of the ACT (Ageing + Communication + Technology) cross-national survey, comprising 7,927 internet users aged 60 and over from seven countries. The statistical analyses used in the study were chi-square and analysis of variance tests, and linear regression as a multivariate technique. The results indicated that spatial differences concern variety of media use to a greater extent than its intensity, especially with regard to use of traditional media via new devices. Overall, residents of large cities exhibited greater variety and intensity of media use than did their counterparts from smaller localities, especially rural ones. These findings supported the social stratification hypothesis – according to which individuals from more-privileged social backgrounds have better media literacy, use media to a greater extent and benefit from its use more than people from disadvantaged groups. The findings should be considered by practitioners and policy makers.
Something for nothing: some consequences of the solution of the Tarski problems
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- By Benjamin Fine, Fairfield University, Anthony Gaglione, Department of Mathematics, Gerhard Rosenberger, University of Hamburg, Dennis Spellman, Temple University
- Edited by C. M. Campbell, University of St Andrews, Scotland, M. R. Quick, University of St Andrews, Scotland, E. F. Robertson, University of St Andrews, Scotland, C. M. Roney-Dougal, University of St Andrews, Scotland
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- Book:
- Groups St Andrews 2013
- Published online:
- 05 September 2015
- Print publication:
- 22 October 2015, pp 242-270
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Summary
Introduction
Alfred Tarski in 1940 made three well-known conjectures concerning nonabelian free groups (see Section 2). There had been various partial solutions until complete positive solutions were presented during the past 15 years by Kharlampovich and Myasnikov (see [51]–[59]) and independently by Z. Sela (see [78]–[83]). In the Kharlampovich- Myasnikov approach the proof arose from a detailed study of fully residually free groups (called limit groups in Sela's approach), the development of algebraic geometry over free groups, and an elimination process involving solutions of equations over free groups based on work of Makhanin and Razborov (see [51]–[59]). These steps were mirrored, with somewhat different terminology, by Sela, who called his approach diophantine geometry over free groups.
The positive solution of the Tarski conjectures provides a straightforward proof of Magnus's theorem in surface groups which we present. This result was proved directly by J. Howie [46] and independently by O. Bogopolski [10]. We will present this proof in Section 4. This type of proof leads to several different types of questions.
• Which additional nontrivial free group results are true in surface groups but difficult to obtain directly?
• What first-order properties of nonabelian free groups are true beyond the class of elementary free groups?
After showing a proof of Magnus's Theorem based on the solution of the Tarski problems we give several examples of other free group results holding in surface groups. Using this technique we give a proof of a theorem of D. Lee on C-test words. We then consider and prove certain other results that hold in elementary free groups, in particular surface groups, including the retract theorem of Turner [86] and the property of conjugacy separability.
After this we turn to the second type of question and survey a large number of recent results. In particular we first consider groups satisfying certain quadratic properties that we call Lyndon properties and show that the class of groups satisfying these properties are closed under many amalgam constructions.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Discriminating groups: a comprehensive overview
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- By Benjamin Fine, Fairfield University, Anthony M. Gaglione, U.S. Naval Academy, Alexei Myasnikov, McGill University, Gerhard Rosenberger, University of Dortmund, Dennis Spellman, Fairfield University
- Edited by C. M. Campbell, University of St Andrews, Scotland, M. R. Quick, University of St Andrews, Scotland, E. F. Robertson, University of St Andrews, Scotland, C. M. Roney-Dougal, University of St Andrews, Scotland, G. C. Smith, University of Bath, G. Traustason, University of Bath
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- Book:
- Groups St Andrews 2009 in Bath
- Published online:
- 05 July 2011
- Print publication:
- 16 June 2011, pp 395-414
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Summary
Abstract
Discriminating groups were introduced by Baumslag, Myasnikov and Remeslennikov as an outgrowth of their theory of algebraic geometry over groups. Algebraic geometry over groups was the main method of attack used by Kharlampovich and Myasnikov in their solution of the celebrated Tarski conjectures. The class of discriminating groups, however, has taken on a life of its own and has been an object of a considerable amount of study. In this paper we survey the large array of results concerning the class of discriminating groups that have been developed over the past decade.
Introduction
Discriminating groups were introduced by Baumslag, Myasnikov and Remeslennikov as an outgrowth of their theory of algebraic geometry over groups. Algebraic geometry over groups was the main method of attack used by O. Kharlampovich and A. Myasnikov in their solution of the celebrated Tarski conjectures. The class of discriminating groups, however, has taken on a life of its own and has been an object of a considerable amount of study. In this paper we survey the large array of results concerning the class of discriminating groups that have been developed over the past decade.
In Section 1, we define discrimination for groups and describe its ties to other areas. Also the concept of trivially discriminating (TD) groups is introduced, and the concept of squarelike groups is defined. It is also indicated how to define discrimination for arbitrary algebraic systems. It is also shown how to generalize the concept of squarelike to arbitrary algebras.
Elementary theory of groups
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- By Benjamin Fine, Department of Mathematics, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06430, USA, Anthony M. Gaglione, Department of Mathematics, U.S. Naval Academy, Anapolis, Maryland 1402, USA, Alexei Myasnikov, Department of Mathematics, City College of CUNY, New York, New York 10031, USA, Gerhard Rosenberger, Fachbereich Mathematik Universität, Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany, Dennis Spellman, Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19132, USA
- Edited by C. M. Campbell, University of St Andrews, Scotland, E. F. Robertson, University of St Andrews, Scotland, G. C. Smith, University of Bath
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- Groups St Andrews 2001 in Oxford
- Published online:
- 11 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 November 2003, pp 197-231
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Summary
Abstract
Remarkable ties between group theory, logic and algebraic geometry have come to light via the positive solution of the Tarski conjecture. This has led to further work on the universal theory of groups. In this paper we describe and survey this material a large body of which is not familiar to most group theorists
Contents
Introduction.
First Order Languages and Model Theory.
The Tarksi Problems.
Residually Free and Universally Free Groups.
Algebraic Geometry over Groups and Applications.
The Positive Solution to the Tarski Problems.
Discriminating, Co-discriminating and Squarelike Groups.
Open Questions.
Introduction
The elementary theory of a group G consists of all the first-order or elementary sentences (see section 2) which are true in G. Although this is a concept which originated in formal logic, in particular model theory, it arises independently from the theory of equations within groups. Recall that an equation in a group G is a word W(x1,…, xn, g1,…, gk) in free variables x1,…, xn and constants g1,…, gk which are elements of G. A solution consists of an n-tuple (h1,…, hn) of elements from G which upon substitution for x1,…, xn make the word trivial in G. Hence an equation is a first-order sentence in the language L[G] consisting of the elementary language of group theory (again see section 2) augmented by allowing constants from the group G.
AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO BAYESIAN COMPUTING USING WINBUGS
- Dennis G. Fryback, Natasha K. Stout, Marjorie A. Rosenberg
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / January 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2001, pp. 98-113
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Bayesian statistics provide effective techniques for analyzing data and translating the results to inform decision making. This paper provides an elementary tutorial overview of the WinBUGS software for performing Bayesian statistical analysis. Background information on the computational methods used by the software is provided. Two examples drawn from the field of medical decision making are presented to illustrate the features and functionality of the software.