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Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Single and Sequential Herbicide Applications
- Jeffrey R. Watts, Edward C. Murdock, Gregory S. Stapleton, Joe E. Toler
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / March 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 157-163
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- Article
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Field studies were conducted in 1991 to 1993 to determine the effects of PRE and POST herbicides alone and in factorial combinations on sicklepod control, weed biomass, and soybean seed yields. Herbicides evaluated were metribuzin PRE, metribuzin + chlorimuron PRE, imazaquin PRE and POST, chlorimuron POST, and AC 263,222 POST POST herbicides alone provided better sicklepod control than PRE herbicides alone. However, sequential (SEQ) treatments [PRE followed by (fb) POST] provided better sicklepod control than single herbicide treatments. Metribuzin and metribuzin + chlorimuron alone or used in a SEQ program provided similar PRE control of sicklepod, and both controlled sicklepod better than imazaquin in 1991 and 1992. Chlorimuron alone or in a SEQ program provided better POST control than AC 263,222 or imazaquin alone when soil moisture levels at planting favored weed seed germination. When soil moisture levels at planting were unfavorable for weed seed germination, the residual activity of imazaquin provided the best season-long control. SEQ herbicide applications allowed soybean to attain higher seed yields than single (PRE or POST) herbicide treatments all 3 yr. However, only metribuzin fb chlorimuron in 1991 and 1992 and imazaquin fb imazaquin and imazaquin fb chlorimuron in 1993 allowed soybean to achieve seed yields similar to weed-free soybean. Soybean seed yields were greater with POST than with PRE herbicides 2 of 3 yr, but no single herbicide treatment provided soybean seed yields similar to weed-free soybean.
70 - CPR training
- from Part VII - Special issues in resuscitation
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- By Michael Shuster, Mineral Springs Hospital, Box 1050 Banff, Alberta, Canada, Walter Kloeck, Fairland, Johannesburg, South Africa, Edward R. Stapleton, Health Science Center, State University of NY, Stonybrook, New York, Ulrik Juul Christensen, Sophus Medical ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark, Allan Braslow, Greenwich, CT, USA
- Edited by Norman A. Paradis, University of Colorado, Denver, Henry R. Halperin, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Karl B. Kern, University of Arizona, Volker Wenzel, Douglas A. Chamberlain, Cardiff University
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- Book:
- Cardiac Arrest
- Published online:
- 06 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 18 October 2007, pp 1258-1277
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- Chapter
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Summary
The most important factor in survival from sudden cardiac arrest is the presence of a trained rescuer who is equipped to intervene. The most effective tools of the trained rescuer are CPR and defibrillation. CPR has been taught as a formal program to professionals since the late 1960s and to the lay public since the early 1970s. The program has changed markedly in scope and complexity as well as educational format and philosophy since its inception. Resuscitation councils that promote and teach CPR have sprung up around the world. Yet, despite this long history of the availability of CPR programs and their promotion, most victims of cardiac arrest do not receive bystander CPR. Moreover, when CPR is performed, the quality of the CPR is often not ideal. Although the development of the automated external defibrillator (AED), its increasing affordability, widespreadpromotionandavailability tonon-professionalshave all contributed to earlierdefibrillation, thenumberof people who are resuscitated is still limited by the low numbers of people who receive bystander CPR before defibrillation and the often poor quality of CPR when it is provided.
This chapter will address the challenge of teaching CPR effectively in various contexts: to the lay public, to laypersons with a duty to respond (such as police, fire, lifeguards, and airline employees), and to healthcare professionals. It will also discuss advanced educational technologies and present a model for new course development.
Teaching CPR
The lay public
Bystander CPR has consistently been shown to more than double the odds of survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).
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