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BDS and Palestinian Theatre Making: A Call for Debate within the Discipline of Theatre and Performance Studies
- Rayya El Zein, Irene Fernández Ramos, George Potter, Gabriel Varghese
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- Journal:
- Theatre Survey / Volume 59 / Issue 3 / September 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 July 2018, pp. 409-418
- Print publication:
- September 2018
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On 30 March 2018, protesters in the Gaza Strip engaged in a peaceful demonstration for “Land Day,” a Palestinian commemoration of the expropriation of lands for Israeli settlements in 1976. During the march, Palestinians approached the border with Israel where the Israeli army opened fire with live ammunition and tank shells, killing at least fifteen demonstrators. Dozens of others were wounded. In the weeks and months that followed, Palestinian protesters continued to protest at the Gaza border. As this issue goes to print, the International Committee of the Red Cross reports that at least 116 Palestinians have been killed in protests framed as the “Great March of Return” since 30 March 2018, and as many as thirteen thousand have been injured. This spring's events, coinciding with the seventieth anniversary of the founding of the state of Israel and the US decision to move its embassy to Jerusalem, offer yet another reminder of the violence and dispossession that for decades have characterized Palestinian life under Israeli occupation.
13 - Spider monkey conservation in the twenty-first century: recognizing risks and opportunities
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- By Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo, Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, México, Robert B. Wallace, Wildlife Conservation Society – Bolivia, San Miguel, La Paz, Bolivia
- Edited by Christina J. Campbell, California State University, Northridge
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- Book:
- Spider Monkeys
- Published online:
- 05 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 25 September 2008, pp 351-376
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Summary
Introduction
Spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) occur from southeastern Mexico to the southern Amazonia rain forests of central Bolivia and western Brazil (Kellogg and Goldman, 1944; Hall, 1981; Collins and Dubach, 2000a; Wilson and Reeder, 2005). As with many species from tropical forests, their range has been decreasing as these ecosystems are transformed. This is very clear if we compare the distributions published by Kellogg and Goldman (1944) and by Collins and Dubach (2000a). A decrease in the distribution range of all species of Ateles during this period suggests that the numbers of all the taxa are declining. However, there are important differences among the taxa in their current distribution range, as well as in the magnitude and causes of the decline in population size.
When reviewing the conservation status of spider monkeys across their current range, the taxonomy of the group must be considered. In this volume, the Collins and Dubach (2000b) taxonomy has been adopted, which recognizes three distinct species of spider monkeys: Ateles paniscus, A. belzebuth, and A. geoffroyi (with a possible fourth species A. hybridus – see also Collins, this volume). Other authors (Groves, 1989; Iracilda da Cunha Sampaio et al., 1993; Rylands et al., 2001) have recognized as many as six distinct species with A. chamek, A. hybridus and A. marginatus all upgraded from belzebuth subspecies status. As a conservative approach and for the purposes of conservation planning, we prefer to analyze at the subspecies level thereby recognizing all 16 distinct taxa (Table 13.1).
12 - Demography and group composition of Ateles
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- By Yukiko Shimooka, Laboratory of Human Evolution, Department of Zoology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Christina J. Campbell, Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Anthony Di Fiore, Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA, Annika M. Felton, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Kosei Izawa, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yamanashi, 409–0193, Japan, Andres Link, Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA, Akisato Nishimura, Biological Laboratory, Science and Engineering Research Institute, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 602-8580, Japan, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, México, Robert B. Wallace, Wildlife Conservation Society – Bolivia, San Miguel, La Paz, Bolivia
- Edited by Christina J. Campbell, California State University, Northridge
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- Book:
- Spider Monkeys
- Published online:
- 05 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 25 September 2008, pp 329-348
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Summary
Introduction
Spider monkeys are distributed widely throughout Central and South America and studies have been conducted at a variety of sites across the geographic range of the genus (see Table 1.1 in Campbell, this volume). However, detailed information about group composition and demography of spider monkeys remains largely unavailable. Because their fission–fusion social organization allows researchers to observe only a part of a group at any time, short-term surveys can rarely document overall group size and composition. Only a cumulative data set of party composition based on individual identification and longitudinal research can help determine the full composition of a group. Furthermore, the rarity of births and deaths make other demographic variables such as interbirth intervals only available through long-term investigation. In the 1980s, relevant demographic information from wild populations was available only for seven groups from five sites for three Ateles species. In this chapter, we present an updated summary of existing data on four Ateles species from 18 groups and 13 sites. We analyze both previously published and new data from these sites and compare them in order to re-examine the demographic characteristics of spider monkey groups.
Methods
Demographic data from 18 groups and 13 sites (Table 12.1) were gathered from the literature and augmented with data from a questionnaire sent to spider monkey researchers in 2005.
8 - Communication in spider monkeys: the function and mechanisms underlying the use of the whinny
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- By Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca
- Edited by Christina J. Campbell, California State University, Northridge
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- Book:
- Spider Monkeys
- Published online:
- 05 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 25 September 2008, pp 220-235
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Summary
Introduction
Several aspects of the biology of spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) make their communication system particularly interesting. First, as canopy-dwelling, frugivorous primates, spider monkeys must forage in a complex environment consisting of fruit patches of variable size that are spatially distributed over large areas (Klein, 1972; van Roosmalen and Klein, 1987). Such an environment places a high demand on those mechanisms by which individuals can efficiently coordinate their movements, exploit their food resources and avoid danger (Milton, 2000). Additionally, because of their fluid grouping and association patterns (Aureli and Schaffner, this volume), individual spider monkeys may spend long periods of time away from others in the group (Symington, 1990; Ramos-Fernández, 2005). This implies that at times, long-distance vocalizations, which can overcome spatial separation, or olfactory marks, which can overcome temporal separation, may be the only means by which spider monkeys can locate group members and, in general, maintain their social relationships (Ramos-Fernández, 2005; Aureli et al., in press).
This chapter reviews the studies carried out so far on spider monkey communication, placing more emphasis on the vocal mode, as it has received the most attention. The first section reviews the early, more descriptive studies of communication in spider monkeys and provides a set of definitions of the different vocal types used by different species. Among the different vocalizations used by spider monkeys, only the whinny has been studied in any detail.