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Changing trends of suicide mortality from 2011 to 2019: an analysis of 38 European Countries
- G. Fico, A. Gimenez-Palomo, R. Andra Bursan, C. R. Ionescu, F. Kraxner, P. Rolland, S. Gomes-Rodrigues, M. Batković, E. Metaj, S. Tanyeri Kayahan, A. Mamikonyan, P. Paribello, A. K. Sikora, C. M. Platsa, M. Spasic Stojakovic, A. H. Halt, M. Az, N. Ovelian, K. Melamud, M. Janusz, K. Hinkov, C. Gramaglia, J. Beezhold, J. L. Castroman, C. Hanon, D. Eraslan, E. Olie
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S85-S86
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Introduction
Suicide is a serious public health problem since it accounts for nearly 900,000 deaths each year worldwide. Globally in 2019, 10.7 persons out of 100,000 died by suicide. Psychiatric disorders are related to an overwhelming proportion of these cases. In the last years, several specific interventions and action plans for suicide prevention have been implemented in a number of European countries.
ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze recent epidemiologic trends of suicide mortality rates in Europe.
MethodsAnnual national statistics of suicide mortality rates derived from Eurostat public databases from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed for 38 European countries. The suicide mortality rate was estimated per year/100,000 population. Linear regression models were used to study temporal trends of suicidal mortality. Analyses were performed using RStudio.
ResultsAvailable data show a statistically significant reduction in suicide mortality rates from 2011 to 2019 in 15 European countries, and a significant increase for Turkey (ES=0.32, SD=0.06, p=0.037) (Fig 1). The greatest significant decrease was reported in Lithuania (ES=-1.42, SD=0.02, p=0.02), followed by Hungary (ES=-1.13, SD=0.11, p=0.0007), Latvia (ES=-0.76, SD=0.11, p=0.007), and Poland (ES=-0.73, SD=0.10, p=0.001). Italy reported the lowest significant reduction in suicide mortality rates (ES=-0.13, SD=0.018, p=0.003). The remaining 16 countries showed no significant changes in suicide mortality trends.
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ConclusionsIn the last years, Europe registered an overall reduction in reported suicide rates. However, more recent data (i.e., suicide rates after COVID-19 pandemic, age and sex-related effect on suicide rates) should be analyzed and used to implement future recommendations. Current and future suicide prevention strategies aim to contribute to a greater reduction of suicide rates in the different European countries.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
P03-313 - Art And Suicide
- D. Zambrano, K. Tajima-Pozo, J.M. Padilla, L. Anta-Tejado, M. Negueruela, E. Di Stasio, R. Alvarez, J. Lopez Castroman
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1367
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Introduction
Suicide is a major public health problem, one of the leading causes of death and one of the first causes of years of life lost. It is a voluntary act that can be carried out by men and women, children and adults, rich and poor, people of every race and religion.
ObjectivesThe aim of this text is to outline the most popular suicides and briefly discuss the representation of suicide in art. Painters such as Vincent Van Gogh, Edvard Munch, Jackson Pollock, musicians as Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, the actresses Lupe Vélez, Carole Landis, Pier Angeli, Capucine, Marylin Monroe, Lucy Gordon and the actors Heath Ledger and Freddie Prinze decided the end of their lives in different ways and at different stages.
In the literary field, we find the world renowned suicides of Socrates, Seneca and Caton. Other famous and more recent suicidal writers are Ernest Hemingway, Dylan Thomas, Virginia Woolf, Yukio Mishima, Alfonsina Stormi and Cesare Pavese among others.
ConclusionSuicide has been represented in several plays and operas, not only people of flesh and blood kill themselves but also fictional characters. the love-death of Liu in Turandot and Tosca in the opera of the same name Are noteworthy, both were composed by Giacomo Puccini. In Hamlet, tragedy written by William Shakespeare, is Ophelia who dies drowning at the sea.
The Effect of Tobacco Dependence On Severity Outcomes Among Suicide Attempters
- J. Lopez-Castroman, L. Cerrato, S. Beziat, I. Jaussent, S. Guillaume, P. Courtet
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Background
Smoking and suicidal behavior are two major public health problems associated in epidemiological and clinical studies. Smoking has been associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide, independently of mental disorders. Yet, the mechanism that links smoking and suicidal behavior is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the level of tobacco dependence and the severity of suicidal outcomes among suicide attempters.
MethodsWe examined a sample of 542 adult suicide attempters to compare the characteristics of the attempts depending on the level of tobacco dependence. All participants had made a suicide attempt in the previous two years (criterion for suicidal behavior disorder). Level of tobacco dependence was assessed with the Fagerstrom test. Diagnoses were ascertained with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and suicidal behaviors were assessed, among others, with the Risk Rescue Rating Scale and the Suicidal Intent Scale. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.
ResultsIndependently of potential confounders, heavy smokers (Fagerstrom≥7) made more attempts and reached higher medical lethality than non-smokers (OR=2.42; 95%CI= 1.43-4.11, p=0.001, and OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.09-3.24; p=0.03, respectively). Light smokers (Fagerstrom<7) were not associated with features of severity in their suicide attempts. The combination of high impulsiveness and severe tobacco dependence showed an additive effect on the number of suicide attempts (OR=3.55; 95%CI= 1.75-7.21).
DiscussionA high level of tobacco dependence could indicate a specific vulnerability leading to more severe suicide attempts, which was only partially explained by impulsivity traits.
Childhood trauma in suicide attempters: Case-control study
- L. Jimenez-Trevino, L. Gonzalez-Blanco, M.P. Garcia-Portilla, H. Blasco Fontecilla, J. Lopez Castroman, P. Courtet, V. Carli, M. Sarchiapone, E. Baca-Garcia, P. Saiz Martinez, J. Bobes Garcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S111
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Introduction
An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including substance abuse, depressive disorders, and attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship as observed in population studies.
ObjectivesWe have tested the association between early trauma and suicide attempts in a sample of suicide attempters from the Eureca International Project and a matched healthy control sample.
MethodsWe have studied the prevalence of childhood stressful events compared with healthy controls in a multicentre sample of 791 suicide attempters (SA) and 630 healthy controls (C), we have measured childhood parental neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Chi2 tests were performed using SPSS v15.0.
ResultsA significant increase in prevalence of childhood trauma was found in the suicide attempters sample for all types of trauma: childhood physical abuse: 25.3% (SA) vs. 11.1% (C) (Chi2 test: 120,108 P = 0.000); childhood sexual abuse: 18.2% (SA) vs. 2.4% (C) (Chi2 test: 88,212 P = 0.000); parental neglect 25.3% (SA) vs. 1.1% (C) (Chi2 test: 164,910 P = 0.000); childhood emotional abuse: 34.9% (SA) vs. 5.6% (C) (Chi2 test: 176,546 P = 0.000).
Suicide attempters were increasingly overrepresented compared with controls if experiencing more than 1 trauma: represented 77% of the sample who suffered 1 type of childhood trauma vs. more than 90% of the sample with 2 or more types of trauma.
ConclusionsA powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicide mortality trends in Galicia, Spain and their relationship with economic indicators
- P. Fernández-Navarro, M. L. Barrigón, J. Lopez-Castroman, M. Sanchez-Alonso, M. Páramo, M. Serrano, M. Arrojo, E. Baca-García
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 25 / Issue 5 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2015, pp. 475-484
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Background.
Recent research has shown an association between unemployment and suicide, but the mediating factors in this relationship are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of unemployment and economic recession on suicide rates in the Spanish region of Galicia between 1975 and 2012
Method.We analysed age-standardised suicide rates in men and women and in four age groups: less than 25 years, 25–45 years, 45–65 years and more than 65 years and performed a joinpoint analysis to determine trend changes throughout 1975–2012 period. Also we analysed the association between suicide, recession and unemployment by means of a temporal trend model with a Generalised Additive Model.
Results.Suicide rates increased from 145 suicides in 1975 to a high in 1993, with 377 deaths by suicide, representing 1.38% of all causes of death, and thereafter they tend to decrease to 335 suicides in 2012. Joinpoint analyses revealed that suicide rates changed differently across sex and age groups. For men, the annual percentage of change (APC) between 1975 and 1988 (CI 95% 1986–1994) was 5.45 (CI 95% = 3.5, −7.2) but from 1988 the APC became negative [−0.66 (CI 95% = −1.3, −0.1)]. For women, APC between 1974 and 1990 (CI 95% 1986–1992) was 4.86 (CI 95% = 3.2, −6.4) and −1.46 subsequently (CI 95% = −2.2, −0.5). Women aged 24 years or less showed stable suicide rates while men from 45–65 years showed two incidence peaks. When we studied the independent correlation between unemployment, recession and suicide, we found a significant association between unemployment and suicide, but not between recession and suicide for both sexes together and for men while for women there was no significant correlation between suicide and unemployment or recession. Finally, when we studied the effect of the interaction between unemployment and recession on suicide we found economic recession and unemployment interacted with regards to suicide rates (F = 5.902; df = 4.167; p = 0.00098) and after adjusting by sex, the effect was confirmed among men (F = 4.827; df = 2.823; p = 0.0087), but not among women (F = 0.001; df = 1.000; p = 0.979).
Conclusions.Although suicide rates in Galicia are gradually decreasing in the last decades, there are important sex and age differences. Unemployment was related with suicide during economic recession periods according to our results.