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May Body Adiposity Index be used as adiposity diagnostic marker?
- Jadwiga Hamulka, Magdalena Górnicka, Urszula Nasuta, Joanna Frackiewicz, Agnieszka Białkowska, Małgorzata Drywień, Anna Ciecierska, Monika A. Zielinska
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E518
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- Article
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Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is the method of determining body fat content based on anthropometric measurements, proposed as an alternative to the BMI. Due to the fact that the hip circumference is taken into account in calculating BAI, it is suggested that this index better reflects the differences in women and men obesity than BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association between BAI and other adiposity indices such as WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), sum of skinfolds, or adiposity tissue measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FM-BIA) among adults, independence of sex and age. The study group consisted of 336 adults (59% women, 41% men) aged 18–70 years, which was divided into two groups: 18–45 years (57%) and > 45 (43%) to further analysis. All anthropometric measurements: height (H), body weight (BW), WC, hip circumference (HC) skinfolds thickness were taken according to the standardized procedures, with light clothing and without shoes twice and averages were calculated. BIA was performed under standardized conditions according to the manufacturer's protocol (Maltron BioScan 920 ver.1.1). BAI was calculated as [HC (cm) / H (m)1.5 -18]. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between BAI and adiposity indices. BAI was positively associated with sex, age, BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI, sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds and WHtR for all subjects, but the strongest with FM-BIA (β = 0.787, p < 0.001), BMI (β = 0.696, p < 0.001) or WHtR (β = 0.625, p < 0.00001) for total group. BAI correlation with BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI or WHtR were stronger in women than in men, both for the total group and regards to age. The identified set of correlates explained (for above variables) 30–79%, of the total variation in BAI for women, and 15–49% for men. The stronger BAI correlation with sex was found in the older group (> 45 years old) than in younger (β = 0.582, p < 0.00001 vs. β = 0.372, p < 0.00001). In men aged > 45 years, stronger BAI correlations with the sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds were observed. The correlation between BAI and BW in men was weaker than in women regardless of age (β = 0.364, p < 0.00001 vs. β = 0.762, p < 0.00001). Considering strong correlation between BAI and fat content (FM-BIA), BMI, WHtR, WC and BW in women, it seems that BAI may be used to determine the content of adipose tissue or as a diagnostic marker, but in men its using need further research.
Changes in Attitudes toward Nutrition after an Education Program in Polish Teenagers: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study
- Jadwiga Hamulka, Lidia Wadolowska, Joanna Kowalkowska, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Joanna Frackiewicz, Krystyna Gutkowska
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E591
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- Article
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- You have access Access
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The sustainability of education focused on improving teenagers’ attitudes toward nutrition from a longer-term perspective has not yet been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to determine the sustainability of attitudes toward nutrition after 3 and 9 months among Polish teenagers in a follow-up study. An education-based intervention study was carried out among 464 Polish teenagers aged 11–12 years (educated/control group: 319/145). In the educated group, a multicomponent, school-based education program lasting three weeks and covering five diet-related and lifestyle-related topics was implemented. Attitudes toward nutrition were determined with a shorter version (TFEQ10; 10 statements) of a three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ13) dedicated to school-aged adolescents, where three subscales were developed: Emotional Eating (EE: 2 statements, 0–6 points), Uncontrolled Eating (UE: 5 statements, 0–15 points), and Cognitive Restraint of Eating (CRE: 3 statements, 0–9 points). The data was collected 3 times: (i) before education (at baseline), (ii) after 3 months to measure the short-term effect of education, (iii) after 9 months to measure the medium-term effect of education. Differences between groups (educated vs. control or baseline vs. follow-up) were verified with the Mann–Whitney test. At the baseline, the mean values for all three scales were not significantly different between educated and control groups, calculated separately for boys and girls as well as for normal or overweight/obese teenagers, with the exception for Emotional Eating in the total sample and normal weight students. After 3-month follow-up, the mean values decreased in an educated group for all three subscales, for the total sample (EE: 1.3 vs 1.2; UE: 5.2 vs 4.7; CRE: 4.2 vs 4.0), for both sexes, and both body weight subpopulations, while increased or remained on the same level in control group (for total sample EE: 1.5 vs 1.6; UE: 5.6 vs 5.8; CRE: 4.1 vs 4.2). After 9 months, in the educated group, the means slightly increased when compared to the means after 3 months, but were still lower than those at the baseline. This study has shown that nutritional education of teenagers 11–12 years gives a long-lasting effect of attitudes toward nutrition (Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating) visible after 3 months, and to a less extent after 9 months. We suppose, that improvement of the attitudes toward nutrition in teenagers, education programs should be regularly conducted and addressed not only to children but also to the adults responsible for children's nutrition.