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Exploring dimensions of social capital in relation to healthy eating behaviours in the US rural south
- Cerra C Antonacci, Regine Haardörfer, April K Hermstad, Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble, Kimberly R Jacob Arriola, Michelle C Kegler
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 5 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 January 2023, pp. 994-1005
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Objective:
This study examined relationships between dimensions of social capital (SC) (social trust, network diversity, social reciprocity and civic engagement) and fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among rural adults. Potential moderators (neighbourhood rurality, food security, gender and race/ethnicity) were explored to develop a more nuanced understanding of the SC–healthy eating relationship.
Design:Data were from a 2019 mailed population-based survey evaluating an eleven-county initiative to address health equity. Participants self-reported health behaviours, access to health-promoting resources and demographics. Logistic regression models were used to analyse relationships between predictors, outcomes and moderators.
Setting:Five rural counties, Georgia, USA.
Participants:1120 participants.
Results:Among participants who lived in the country (as opposed to in town), greater network diversity was associated with consuming ≥ 3 servings of fruit (OR = 1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·17, P = 0·029), yet among participants who lived in town, greater civic engagement was associated with consuming ≥ three servings of fruit (OR = 1·36; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·65, P = 0·003). Both food-secure and food-insecure participants with greater social reciprocity had lower odds of consuming 0 SSB (OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·98, P = 0·014, OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·99, P = 0·037, respectively). Men with greater social trust were more likely to consume 0 SSB (OR = 1·09; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18, P = 0·038), and Whites with greater network diversity were more likely to meet daily vegetable recommendations (OR = 1·10; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19, P = 0·028).
Conclusions:Findings provide a basis for future qualitative research on potential mechanisms through which SC and related social factors influence healthy eating in rural communities.
The Qualitative Transparency Deliberations: Insights and Implications
- Alan M. Jacobs, Tim Büthe, Ana Arjona, Leonardo R. Arriola, Eva Bellin, Andrew Bennett, Lisa Björkman, Erik Bleich, Zachary Elkins, Tasha Fairfield, Nikhar Gaikwad, Sheena Chestnut Greitens, Mary Hawkesworth, Veronica Herrera, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Kimberley S. Johnson, Ekrem Karakoç, Kendra Koivu, Marcus Kreuzer, Milli Lake, Timothy W. Luke, Lauren M. MacLean, Samantha Majic, Rahsaan Maxwell, Zachariah Mampilly, Robert Mickey, Kimberly J. Morgan, Sarah E. Parkinson, Craig Parsons, Wendy Pearlman, Mark A. Pollack, Elliot Posner, Rachel Beatty Riedl, Edward Schatz, Carsten Q. Schneider, Jillian Schwedler, Anastasia Shesterinina, Erica S. Simmons, Diane Singerman, Hillel David Soifer, Nicholas Rush Smith, Scott Spitzer, Jonas Tallberg, Susan Thomson, Antonio Y. Vázquez-Arroyo, Barbara Vis, Lisa Wedeen, Juliet A. Williams, Elisabeth Jean Wood, Deborah J. Yashar
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- Journal:
- Perspectives on Politics / Volume 19 / Issue 1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 January 2021, pp. 171-208
- Print publication:
- March 2021
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In recent years, a variety of efforts have been made in political science to enable, encourage, or require scholars to be more open and explicit about the bases of their empirical claims and, in turn, make those claims more readily evaluable by others. While qualitative scholars have long taken an interest in making their research open, reflexive, and systematic, the recent push for overarching transparency norms and requirements has provoked serious concern within qualitative research communities and raised fundamental questions about the meaning, value, costs, and intellectual relevance of transparency for qualitative inquiry. In this Perspectives Reflection, we crystallize the central findings of a three-year deliberative process—the Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD)—involving hundreds of political scientists in a broad discussion of these issues. Following an overview of the process and the key insights that emerged, we present summaries of the QTD Working Groups’ final reports. Drawing on a series of public, online conversations that unfolded at www.qualtd.net, the reports unpack transparency’s promise, practicalities, risks, and limitations in relation to different qualitative methodologies, forms of evidence, and research contexts. Taken as a whole, these reports—the full versions of which can be found in the Supplementary Materials—offer practical guidance to scholars designing and implementing qualitative research, and to editors, reviewers, and funders seeking to develop criteria of evaluation that are appropriate—as understood by relevant research communities—to the forms of inquiry being assessed. We dedicate this Reflection to the memory of our coauthor and QTD working group leader Kendra Koivu.1
17 - HIV in prison populations
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- By Cassandra F. Newkirk, M.D., CCHP, Mental Health Director at Riker's Island Penitentiary, Prison Health Services, Inc. East Elmhurst, NY, USA, Kimberly R. Jacob Arriola, M.P.H., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Ronald L. Braithwaite, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Edited by Kenneth Citron, Marie Josée Brouillette, McGill University, Montréal, Alexandra Beckett, Harvard University, Massachusetts
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- Book:
- HIV and Psychiatry
- Published online:
- 06 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 07 July 2005, pp 283-292
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Summary
Introduction
Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in prison populations varies greatly in different countries (see Table 17.1), it is significantly higher than in the general population. For example:
in the USA, the AIDS case rate in prisons is more than five times the rate in the general population (Maruschak, 2004)
in Canada, the prevalence of HIV in prisons is 10 times the rate in the general population (Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 2002).
In countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Europe, and North America, HIV prevalence among prisoners ranges from 3% based on a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in Senegal to 47% among a subpopulation of injecting drug-using prisoners in Spain (Stubblefield and Wohl, 2000).
The disproportionate burden of HIV disease in prison inmates is largely due to high-risk behaviors that individuals engaged in before being incarcerated. Most inmates with HIV became infected before coming to prison (DeCarlo and Zack, 1996). However, once in prison, inmates engage in high-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex, injecting drugs, and tattooing without sterile instruments, which promote the spread of the disease within correctional institutions (Braithwaite et al., 1996). This means that inmates require effective treatment for HIV as well as access to harm-reduction strategies that could reduce the risk of transmission. According to Braithwaite et al. (1996), prison officials in many European countries, Canada, Australia, and Brazil have begun to endorse harm-reduction strategies, such as condom and bleach distribution, and the provision of syringes, that could potentially reduce the spread of HIV among inmates.