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Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder
- Janos L. Kalman, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Annabel Vreeker, Andrew McQuillin, Eli A. Stahl, Douglas Ruderfer, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Stephan Ripke, Tim B. Bigdeli, Frederike Stein, Tina Meller, Susanne Meinert, Helena Pelin, Fabian Streit, Sergi Papiol, Mark J. Adams, Rolf Adolfsson, Kristina Adorjan, Ingrid Agartz, Sofie R. Aminoff, Heike Anderson-Schmidt, Ole A. Andreassen, Raffaella Ardau, Jean-Michel Aubry, Ceylan Balaban, Nicholas Bass, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Antoni Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H Berrettini, Marco P. Boks, Evelyn J. Bromet, Katharina Brosch, Monika Budde, William Byerley, Pablo Cervantes, Catina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Scott R. Clark, Ashley L. Comes, Aiden Corvin, William Coryell, Nick Craddock, David W. Craig, Paul E. Croarkin, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Udo Dannlowski, Franziska Degenhardt, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Mariam Al Eissa, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Bruno Etain, Ayman H. Fanous, Frederike Fellendorf, Alessia Fiorentino, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Elliot Gershon, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Paul Grof, Jose Guzman-Parra, Tim Hahn, Roland Hasler, Maria Heilbronner, Urs Heilbronner, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jimenez, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Lina Jonsson, Rene S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, James L. Kennedy, Tilo Kircher, George Kirov, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam, James A. Knowles, Thorsten M. Kranz, Trine Vik Lagerberg, Mikael Landen, William B. Lawson, Marion Leboyer, Qingqin S. Li, Mario Maj, Dolores Malaspina, Mirko Manchia, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Melvin G. McInnis, Andrew M. McIntosh, Helena Medeiros, Ingrid Melle, Vihra Milanova, Philip B. Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novak, John I. Nurnberger, Niamh O'Brien, Kevin S. O'Connell, Claire O'Donovan, Michael C. O'Donovan, Nils Opel, Abigail Ortiz, Michael J. Owen, Erik Pålsson, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, Joanna Pawlak, Julia-Katharina Pfarr, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Mark H Rapaport, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Jonathan Repple, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Marcella Rietschel, Kai Ringwald, Gloria Roberts, Guy Rouleau, Sabrina Schaupp, William A Scheftner, Simon Schmitt, Peter R. Schofield, K. Oliver Schubert, Eva C. Schulte, Barbara Schweizer, Fanny Senner, Giovanni Severino, Sally Sharp, Claire Slaney, Olav B. Smeland, Janet L. Sobell, Alessio Squassina, Pavla Stopkova, John Strauss, Alfonso Tortorella, Gustavo Turecki, Joanna Twarowska-Hauser, Marin Veldic, Eduard Vieta, John B. Vincent, Wei Xu, Clement C. Zai, Peter P. Zandi, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) Bipolar Disorder Working Group, International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), Colombia-US Cross Disorder Collaboration in Psychiatric Genetics, Arianna Di Florio, Jordan W. Smoller, Joanna M. Biernacka, Francis J. McMahon, Martin Alda, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Peter Falkai, Nelson B. Freimer, Till F.M. Andlauer, Thomas G. Schulze, Roel A. Ophoff
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 219 / Issue 6 / December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 August 2021, pp. 659-669
- Print publication:
- December 2021
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Background
Studying phenotypic and genetic characteristics of age at onset (AAO) and polarity at onset (PAO) in bipolar disorder can provide new insights into disease pathology and facilitate the development of screening tools.
AimsTo examine the genetic architecture of AAO and PAO and their association with bipolar disorder disease characteristics.
MethodGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic score (PGS) analyses of AAO (n = 12 977) and PAO (n = 6773) were conducted in patients with bipolar disorder from 34 cohorts and a replication sample (n = 2237). The association of onset with disease characteristics was investigated in two of these cohorts.
ResultsEarlier AAO was associated with a higher probability of psychotic symptoms, suicidality, lower educational attainment, not living together and fewer episodes. Depressive onset correlated with suicidality and manic onset correlated with delusions and manic episodes. Systematic differences in AAO between cohorts and continents of origin were observed. This was also reflected in single-nucleotide variant-based heritability estimates, with higher heritabilities for stricter onset definitions. Increased PGS for autism spectrum disorder (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), major depression (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), schizophrenia (β = −0.39 years, s.e. = 0.08), and educational attainment (β = −0.31 years, s.e. = 0.08) were associated with an earlier AAO. The AAO GWAS identified one significant locus, but this finding did not replicate. Neither GWAS nor PGS analyses yielded significant associations with PAO.
ConclusionsAAO and PAO are associated with indicators of bipolar disorder severity. Individuals with an earlier onset show an increased polygenic liability for a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits. Systematic differences in AAO across cohorts, continents and phenotype definitions introduce significant heterogeneity, affecting analyses.
Dynamics of the jet wiping process via integral models
- M.A. Mendez, A. Gosset, B. Scheid, M. Balabane, J.-M. Buchlin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 911 / 25 March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2021, A47
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The jet wiping process is a cost-effective coating technique that uses impinging gas jets to control the thickness of a liquid layer dragged along a moving strip. This process is fundamental in various coating industries (mainly in hot-dip galvanizing) and is characterized by an unstable interaction between the gas jet and the liquid film that results in wavy final coating films. To understand the dynamics of the wave formation, we extend classic laminar boundary layer models for falling films to the jet wiping problem, including the self-similar integral boundary layer and the weighted integral boundary layer models. Moreover, we propose a transition and turbulence model to explore modelling extensions to larger Reynolds numbers and to analyse the impact of the modelling strategy on the liquid film dynamics. The validity of the long-wave formulation was first analysed on a simpler problem, consisting of a liquid film falling over an upward-moving wall, using volume of fluid simulations. This validation proved the robustness of the integral formulation in conditions that are well outside their theoretical limits of validity. Finally, the three models were used to study the response of the liquid coat to harmonic and non-harmonic oscillations and pulsations in the impinging jet. The impact of these disturbances on the average coating thickness and wave amplitude is analysed, and the range of dimensionless frequencies yielding maximum disturbance amplification is presented.
Multi-scale proper orthogonal decomposition of complex fluid flows
- M. A. Mendez, M. Balabane, J.-M. Buchlin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 870 / 10 July 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2019, pp. 988-1036
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Data-driven decompositions are becoming essential tools in fluid dynamics, allowing for tracking the evolution of coherent patterns in large datasets, and for constructing low-order models of complex phenomena. In this work, we analyse the main limits of two popular decompositions, namely the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), and we propose a novel decomposition which allows for enhanced feature detection capabilities. This novel decomposition is referred to as multi-scale proper orthogonal decomposition (mPOD) and combines multi-resolution analysis (MRA) with a standard POD. Using MRA, the mPOD splits the correlation matrix into the contribution of different scales, retaining non-overlapping portions of the correlation spectra; using the standard POD, the mPOD extracts the optimal basis from each scale. After introducing a matrix factorization framework for data-driven decompositions, the MRA is formulated via one- and two-dimensional filter banks for the dataset and the correlation matrix respectively. The validation of the mPOD, and a comparison with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), DMD and POD are provided in three test cases. These include a synthetic test case, a numerical simulation of a nonlinear advection–diffusion problem and an experimental dataset obtained by the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) of an impinging gas jet. For each of these examples, the decompositions are compared in terms of convergence, feature detection capabilities and time–frequency localization.
Impact of 2003 Power Outages on Public Health and Emergency Response
- James C. Kile, Stephen Skowronski, Mark D. Miller, Stephan G. Reissman, Victor Balaban, Richard W. Klomp, Dori B. Reissman, Hugh M. Mainzer, Andrew L. Dannenberg
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / April 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 June 2012, pp. 93-97
- Print publication:
- April 2005
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Introduction:
In 2003, a major power outage occurred in the midwest and northeast United States affecting some 50 million people. The power outages affected multiple systems in state and local municipalities and, in turn, affected public health.
Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questionnaires, with a convenience sample of state- and locally selected subject matter experts from Ohio, Michigan, and New York. Respondents were interviewed in groups representing one of five areas of interest, including: (1) emergency preparedness; (2) hospital and emergency medical services; (3) municipal environmental systems; (4) public health surveillance and epidemiology; and (5) psychosocial and behavioral issues. The reported positive and negative impacts of the power outage on public health, medical services, and emergency preparedness and response were documented. Responses were categorized into common themes and recommendations were formulated.
Results:The amount of time that the respondents' locations were without power ranged from <1 hour to 52 hours. Many common themes emerged from the different locations, including communications failures, alternate power source problems, manpower and training issues, and psychosocial concerns. There was minimal morbidity and mortality reported that could be attributed to the event.
Conclusion:Power outages negatively impacted multiple municipal infrastructures, and affected medical services, emergency response, and public health efforts. Previous federal funding positively impacted public health and emergency response capabilities. Recommendations were made based upon the common themes identified by the respondents.
Recommendations may assist state and local health departments, medical service providers, and emergency responders in planning for future power outage problems.