5 results
Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder
- Janos L. Kalman, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Annabel Vreeker, Andrew McQuillin, Eli A. Stahl, Douglas Ruderfer, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Stephan Ripke, Tim B. Bigdeli, Frederike Stein, Tina Meller, Susanne Meinert, Helena Pelin, Fabian Streit, Sergi Papiol, Mark J. Adams, Rolf Adolfsson, Kristina Adorjan, Ingrid Agartz, Sofie R. Aminoff, Heike Anderson-Schmidt, Ole A. Andreassen, Raffaella Ardau, Jean-Michel Aubry, Ceylan Balaban, Nicholas Bass, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Antoni Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H Berrettini, Marco P. Boks, Evelyn J. Bromet, Katharina Brosch, Monika Budde, William Byerley, Pablo Cervantes, Catina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Scott R. Clark, Ashley L. Comes, Aiden Corvin, William Coryell, Nick Craddock, David W. Craig, Paul E. Croarkin, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Udo Dannlowski, Franziska Degenhardt, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Mariam Al Eissa, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Bruno Etain, Ayman H. Fanous, Frederike Fellendorf, Alessia Fiorentino, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Elliot Gershon, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Paul Grof, Jose Guzman-Parra, Tim Hahn, Roland Hasler, Maria Heilbronner, Urs Heilbronner, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jimenez, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Lina Jonsson, Rene S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, James L. Kennedy, Tilo Kircher, George Kirov, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam, James A. Knowles, Thorsten M. Kranz, Trine Vik Lagerberg, Mikael Landen, William B. Lawson, Marion Leboyer, Qingqin S. Li, Mario Maj, Dolores Malaspina, Mirko Manchia, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Melvin G. McInnis, Andrew M. McIntosh, Helena Medeiros, Ingrid Melle, Vihra Milanova, Philip B. Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novak, John I. Nurnberger, Niamh O'Brien, Kevin S. O'Connell, Claire O'Donovan, Michael C. O'Donovan, Nils Opel, Abigail Ortiz, Michael J. Owen, Erik Pålsson, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, Joanna Pawlak, Julia-Katharina Pfarr, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Mark H Rapaport, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Jonathan Repple, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Marcella Rietschel, Kai Ringwald, Gloria Roberts, Guy Rouleau, Sabrina Schaupp, William A Scheftner, Simon Schmitt, Peter R. Schofield, K. Oliver Schubert, Eva C. Schulte, Barbara Schweizer, Fanny Senner, Giovanni Severino, Sally Sharp, Claire Slaney, Olav B. Smeland, Janet L. Sobell, Alessio Squassina, Pavla Stopkova, John Strauss, Alfonso Tortorella, Gustavo Turecki, Joanna Twarowska-Hauser, Marin Veldic, Eduard Vieta, John B. Vincent, Wei Xu, Clement C. Zai, Peter P. Zandi, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) Bipolar Disorder Working Group, International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), Colombia-US Cross Disorder Collaboration in Psychiatric Genetics, Arianna Di Florio, Jordan W. Smoller, Joanna M. Biernacka, Francis J. McMahon, Martin Alda, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Peter Falkai, Nelson B. Freimer, Till F.M. Andlauer, Thomas G. Schulze, Roel A. Ophoff
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 219 / Issue 6 / December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 August 2021, pp. 659-669
- Print publication:
- December 2021
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Background
Studying phenotypic and genetic characteristics of age at onset (AAO) and polarity at onset (PAO) in bipolar disorder can provide new insights into disease pathology and facilitate the development of screening tools.
AimsTo examine the genetic architecture of AAO and PAO and their association with bipolar disorder disease characteristics.
MethodGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic score (PGS) analyses of AAO (n = 12 977) and PAO (n = 6773) were conducted in patients with bipolar disorder from 34 cohorts and a replication sample (n = 2237). The association of onset with disease characteristics was investigated in two of these cohorts.
ResultsEarlier AAO was associated with a higher probability of psychotic symptoms, suicidality, lower educational attainment, not living together and fewer episodes. Depressive onset correlated with suicidality and manic onset correlated with delusions and manic episodes. Systematic differences in AAO between cohorts and continents of origin were observed. This was also reflected in single-nucleotide variant-based heritability estimates, with higher heritabilities for stricter onset definitions. Increased PGS for autism spectrum disorder (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), major depression (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), schizophrenia (β = −0.39 years, s.e. = 0.08), and educational attainment (β = −0.31 years, s.e. = 0.08) were associated with an earlier AAO. The AAO GWAS identified one significant locus, but this finding did not replicate. Neither GWAS nor PGS analyses yielded significant associations with PAO.
ConclusionsAAO and PAO are associated with indicators of bipolar disorder severity. Individuals with an earlier onset show an increased polygenic liability for a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits. Systematic differences in AAO across cohorts, continents and phenotype definitions introduce significant heterogeneity, affecting analyses.
Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Root Extract Reduces Germination and Root Growth of Five Plant Species
- Gary L. Kiemnec, M. L. McInnis
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / March 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 231-234
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The allelopathic potential of hoary cress was evaluated by exposing the seeds and the germinated seeds of winter wheat, alfalfa, crested wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, and hoary cress to a water extract of dried, hoary cress roots under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber. Germination for all species was reduced in the hoary cress root extract when compared with distilled water, with winter wheat and hoary cress being more tolerant than the other species. Root length of all species was reduced by the extract when compared with distilled water. These data show the presence of phytotoxic chemical(s) that may inhibit germination and initial seedling growth in natural environments. Three glucosinolate compounds were identified in hoary cress root extracts.
P120: Exploring the utility of the Hamilton early warning score at triage: pilot study in a Canadian emergency department
- S. Skitch, L. McInnis, A. Vu, B. Tam, M. Xu, A. Fox-Robichaud
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 18 / Issue S1 / May 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2016, p. S118
- Print publication:
- May 2016
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Introduction: Early warning scores (EWS) use vital signs to identify patients at risk of critical events as defined by unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or death. Systems that combine an EWS with a ICU outreach team can improve hospital survival and cardiac arrest rates. Although initially developed for use in ward patients, evidence suggests that EWS are useful in emergency department (ED) patients and may aid in the earlier identification of sepsis. The Hamilton Early Warning Score (HEWS) was recently developed as part of quality improvement process in our health system. The current study examined HEWS at ED triage among a cohort of patients who experienced a critical event during their hospitalization. HEWS were also evaluated as a predictor of sepsis. Methods: Patient were selected from a database of patients admitted to a medical or surgical ward at two tertiary care hospitals over a six-month period. Cases were patients who experienced a critical event during admission and were admitted via the ED. Controls were randomly selected from the database in a two-to-one ratio using an algorithm to match cases based upon burden of comorbid illness. Receiver operator curves (ROC) and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate HEWS at ED triage as a predictor of likelihood of critical deterioration and sepsis. Results: The sample included 845 patients of whom 267 experienced a critical event. The median time to occurrence of critical event from admission was 124 hours. ROC analysis indicated that HEWS at ED triage had poor discriminative ability for predicting likelihood of experiencing a critical event 0.63 [95%CI: 0.58-0.67]. HEWS had fair discriminative ability for predicting likelihood of meeting criteria for sepsis 0.75 [95%CI: 0.71-0.80], and good discriminative ability for predicting likelihood of experiencing a critical event among patients meeting criteria for sepsis 0.80 [95%CI: 0.74-0.86]. Conclusion: This retrospective study indicates that HEWS at ED triage has limited utility for identifying patients at risk of experiencing a critical event. This may be because deterioration commonly occurred days after admission. However, HEWS may have utility as tool for aiding earlier identification of critically ill septic patients. Prospective studies are needed to further delineate the utility of the HEWS in the ED.
Confirmatory test of two factors and four subtypes of bipolar disorder based on lifetime psychiatric co-morbidity
- P. O. Monahan, T. Stump, W. H. Coryell, J. Harezlak, G. A. Marcoulides, H. Liu, C. M. Steeger, P. B. Mitchell, H. C. Wilcox, L. A. Hulvershorn, A. L. Glowinski, Bipolar Disorder Genome Study (BiGS) Consortium, Bipolar High Risk Study Group, P. A. Iyer-Eimerbrink, M. McInnis, J. I. Nurnberger, Jr
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 10 / July 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 March 2015, pp. 2181-2196
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Background
The first aim was to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test a hypothesis that two factors (internalizing and externalizing) account for lifetime co-morbid DSM-IV diagnoses among adults with bipolar I (BPI) disorder. The second aim was to use confirmatory latent class analysis (CLCA) to test the hypothesis that four clinical subtypes are detectible: pure BPI; BPI plus internalizing disorders only; BPI plus externalizing disorders only; and BPI plus internalizing and externalizing disorders.
MethodA cohort of 699 multiplex BPI families was studied, ascertained and assessed (1998–2003) by the National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Consortium: 1156 with BPI disorder (504 adult probands; 594 first-degree relatives; and 58 more distant relatives) and 563 first-degree relatives without BPI. Best-estimate consensus DSM-IV diagnoses were based on structured interviews, family history and medical records. MPLUS software was used for CFA and CLCA.
ResultsThe two-factor CFA model fit the data very well, and could not be improved by adding or removing paths. The four-class CLCA model fit better than exploratory LCA models or post-hoc-modified CLCA models. The two factors and four classes were associated with distinctive clinical course and severity variables, adjusted for proband gender. Co-morbidity, especially more than one internalizing and/or externalizing disorder, was associated with a more severe and complicated course of illness. The four classes demonstrated significant familial aggregation, adjusted for gender and age of relatives.
ConclusionsThe BPI two-factor and four-cluster hypotheses demonstrated substantial confirmatory support. These models may be useful for subtyping BPI disorders, predicting course of illness and refining the phenotype in genetic studies.
A computational analysis of flanker interference in depression
- D. G. Dillon, T. Wiecki, P. Pechtel, C. Webb, F. Goer, L. Murray, M. Trivedi, M. Fava, P. J. McGrath, M. Weissman, R. Parsey, B. Kurian, P. Adams, T. Carmody, S. Weyandt, K. Shores-Wilson, M. Toups, M. McInnis, M. A. Oquendo, C. Cusin, P. Deldin, G. Bruder, D. A. Pizzagalli
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 11 / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 March 2015, pp. 2333-2344
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Background
Depression is characterized by poor executive function, but – counterintuitively – in some studies, it has been associated with highly accurate performance on certain cognitively demanding tasks. The psychological mechanisms responsible for this paradoxical finding are unclear. To address this issue, we applied a drift diffusion model (DDM) to flanker task data from depressed and healthy adults participating in the multi-site Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC) study.
MethodOne hundred unmedicated, depressed adults and 40 healthy controls completed a flanker task. We investigated the effect of flanker interference on accuracy and response time, and used the DDM to examine group differences in three cognitive processes: prepotent response bias (tendency to respond to the distracting flankers), response inhibition (necessary to resist prepotency), and executive control (required for execution of correct response on incongruent trials).
ResultsConsistent with prior reports, depressed participants responded more slowly and accurately than controls on incongruent trials. The DDM indicated that although executive control was sluggish in depressed participants, this was more than offset by decreased prepotent response bias. Among the depressed participants, anhedonia was negatively correlated with a parameter indexing the speed of executive control (r = −0.28, p = 0.007).
ConclusionsExecutive control was delayed in depression but this was counterbalanced by reduced prepotent response bias, demonstrating how participants with executive function deficits can nevertheless perform accurately in a cognitive control task. Drawing on data from neural network simulations, we speculate that these results may reflect tonically reduced striatal dopamine in depression.