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Etude Histopathologique et Neurochimique Suite a des Lesions Unilaterales du Locus Coeruleus Chez le Rat et de la Region Postlocus Chez le Chat (Part 2)
- R. Marchand, P. Chauvel, M. Fantino, L.J. Poirier
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / May 1979
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 113-122
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Unilateral lesions involving the area immediately caudal to the locus coeruleus in the cat are associated with slight decreases of noradrenaline (NA) in both sides of the spinal cord without any important change of serotonin (5-HT) concentration in the spinal cord and of N A and 5-HT concentrations in the cerebral cortex of both sides. In other cats with similar lesions involving the same area bilaterally (postlocus lesions) NA is markedly decreased and 5-H T slightly decreased in the hypothalamus and spinal cord but the concentrations of NA and 5-HT of the cerebral cortex, striât urn and thalamus are not conspicuously modified by such postlocus lesions.
Unilateral lesions in the area of the loci coeruleus and subcoeruleus in the rat are associated with a marked decrease of noradrenaline (NA) in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex without any important change of NA in the contralateral cortex and in the spinal cord of both sides. Under such conditions the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) are not significantly modified in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of both sides. NA and 5-HT concentrations of the cerebral cortex of both sides are unmodified by unilateral lesions of the cerebellar nuclei in the rat. In the latter group of animals slight increases of NA and 5-HT in the spinal cord are significant in comparison to the values obtained in the control animals but not from one side of the spinal cord to the other.
These results further support the suggestion that the noradrenergic coeruleo-cortical pathway originating in the loci coeruleus and subcoeruleus ascends on the same side and ends in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. In the light of the results of this investigation and of those reported in a companion paper (Marchand et ai, 1979) NA fibers reaching the hypothalamus and spinal cord most likely arise from neurons located caudally in respect to the locus coeruleus. Moreover NA fibers ending in the hypothalamus do not ascend in the dorsolateral part of the isthmic area and, therefore, have a different course than the N A fibers reaching the cerebral cortex and thalamus.
Differential role of visuospatial working memory in the propensity toward uncertainty in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and in healthy subjects
- V. Lambrecq, J.-Y. Rotge, N. Jaafari, B. Aouizerate, N. Langbour, B. Bioulac, C. Liégeois-Chauvel, P. Burbaud, D. Guehl
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 44 / Issue 10 / July 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 October 2013, pp. 2113-2124
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Background
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with visuospatial working memory deficits. Intolerance of uncertainty is thought to be a core component of OCD symptoms. Recent findings argue for a possible relationship between abilities in visuospatial memory and uncertainty. However, this relationship remains unclear in both OCD patients and healthy subjects. To address this issue, we measured performance in visuospatial working memory and the propensity to express uncertainty during decision making. We assessed their relationship and the temporal direction of this relationship in both OCD patients and healthy subjects.
MethodBaseline abilities in visuospatial working memory were measured with the Corsi block-tapping test. A delayed matching-to-sample task was used to identify explicit situations of certainty, uncertainty and ignorance and to assess continuous performance in visuospatial working memory. Behavioural variables were recorded over 360 consecutive trials in both groups.
ResultsBaseline scores of visuospatial working memory did not predict the number of uncertain situations in OCD patients whereas they did in healthy subjects. Uncertain trials led to reduced abilities in visuospatial working memory to 65% of usual performance in OCD patients whereas they remained stable in healthy subjects.
ConclusionsThe present findings show an opposite temporal direction in the relationship between abilities in working memory and uncertainty in OCD patients and healthy subjects. Poor working memory performance contributes to the propensity to feel uncertainty in healthy subjects whereas uncertainty contributes to decreased continuous performance in working memory in OCD patients.
Contributors
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- By Jane E. Adcock, Yahya Aghakhani, A. Anand, Eva Andermann, Frederick Andermann, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Sandrine Aubert, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Carman Barba, Agatino Battaglia, Geneviève Bernard, Nadir E. Bharucha, Laurence A. Bindoff, William Bingaman, Francesca Bisulli, Thomas P. Bleck, Stewart G. Boyd, Andreas Brunklaus, Harry Bulstrode, Jorge G. Burneo, Laura Canafoglia, Laura Cantonetti, Roberto H. Caraballo, Fernando Cendes, Kevin E. Chapman, Patrick Chauvel, Richard F. M. Chin, H. T. Chong, Fahmida A. Chowdhury, Catherine J. Chu-Shore, Rolando Cimaz, Andrew J. Cole, Bernard Dan, Geoffrey Dean, Alessio De Ciantis, Fernando De Paolis, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Irissa M. Devine, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Concezio Di Rocco, Henry B. Dinsdale, Maria Alice Donati, François Dubeau, Michael Duchowny, Olivier Dulac, Monika Eisermann, Brent Elliott, Bernt A. Engelsen, Kevin Farrell, Natalio Fejerman, Rosalie E. Ferner, Silvana Franceschetti, Robert Friedlander, Antonio Gambardella, Hector H. Garcia, Serena Gasperini, Lorenzo Genitori, Gioia Gioi, Flavio Giordano, Leif Gjerstad, Daniel G. Glaze, Howard P. Goodkin, Sidney M. Gospe, Andrea Grassi, William P. Gray, Renzo Guerrini, Marie-Christine Guiot, William Harkness, Andrew G. Herzog, Linda Huh, Margaret J. Jackson, Thomas S. Jacques, Anna C. Jansen, Sigmund Jenssen, Michael R. Johnson, Dorothy Jones-Davis, Reetta Kälviäinen, Peter W. Kaplan, John F. Kerrigan, Autumn Marie Klein, Matthias Koepp, Edwin H. Kolodny, Kandan Kulandaivel, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Ahmed Lary, Yolanda Lau, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Maria K. Lehtinen, Holger Lerche, Michael P. T. Lunn, Snezana Maljevic, Mark R. Manford, Carla Marini, Bindu Menon, Giulia Milioli, Eli M. Mizrahi, Manish Modi, Márcia Elisabete Morita, Manuel Murie-Fernandez, Vivek Nambiar, Lina Nashef, Vincent Navarro, Aidan Neligan, Ruth E. Nemire, Charles R. J. C. Newton, John O'Donavan, Hirokazu Oguni, Teiichi Onuma, Andre Palmini, Eleni Panagiotakaki, Pasquale Parisi, Elena Parrini, Liborio Parrino, Ignacio Pascual-Castroviejo, M. Scott Perry, Perrine Plouin, Charles E. Polkey, Suresh S. Pujar, Karthik Rajasekaran, R. Eugene Ramsey, Rahul Rathakrishnan, Roberta H. Raven, Guy M. Rémillard, David Rosenblatt, M. Elizabeth Ross, Abdulrahman Sabbagh, P. Satishchandra, Swati Sathe, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Philip A. Schwartzkroin, Rod C. Scott, Frédéric Sedel, Michelle J. Shapiro, Elliott H. Sherr, Michael Shevell, Simon D. Shorvon, Adrian M. Siegel, Gagandeep Singh, S. Sinha, Barbara Spacca, Waney Squier, Carl E. Stafstrom, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andrea Taddio, Gianpiero Tamburrini, C. T. Tan, Raymond Y. L. Tan, Erik Taubøll, Robert W. Teasell, Mario Giovanni Terzano, Federica Teutonico, Suzanne A. Tharin, Elizabeth A. Thiele, Pierre Thomas, Paolo Tinuper, Dorothée Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Sumeet Vadera, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Jean-Pierre Vignal, J. M. Walshe, Elizabeth J. Waterhouse, David Watkins, Ruth E. Williams, Yue-Hua Zhang, Benjamin Zifkin, Sameer M. Zuberi
- Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
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- Book:
- The Causes of Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp ix-xvi
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Aspects spécifiques de la radioprotection autour d'un cyclotron
- N. BRASSART, J. TUYN, J. HERAULT, P. CHAUVEL
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- Radioprotection / Volume 30 / Issue 3 / July 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 May 2009, pp. 411-422
- Print publication:
- July 1995
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Ce rapport fait la synthèse des calculs de radioprotection effectués pour l'ensemble du bâtiment abritant le cyclotron biomédical de Nice et les salles de traitement en proton et neutron, n n'a pas, bien entendu, la prétention d'évoquer tous les aspects de la sécurité et de la radioprotection autour des cyclotrons. Nous justifierons les épaisseurs des protections autour de la machine et des salles de traitement en indiquant les formules utilisées parmi les différentes méthodes décrites dans la littérature. Nous donnerons les caractéristiques des labyrinthes d'accès aux salles de traitement qui remplacent les lourdes portes trop traumatisantes pour les malades et délicates d'utilisation en fonctionnement médical. Nous discuterons de l'activation de l'air due essentiellement aux réactions des neutrons avec les différents éléments qui le constituent et de la nécessité d'une ventilation dans les salles de traitement, la voie de faisceau et le hall du cyclotron.