15 results
The 4D Camera: Very High Speed Electron Counting for 4D-STEM
- Jim Ciston, Ian J. Johnson, Brent R. Draney, Peter Ercius, Erin Fong, Azriel Goldschmidt, John M. Joseph, Jason R. Lee, Alexander Mueller, Colin Ophus, Ashwin Selvarajan, David E. Skinner, Thorsten Stezelberger, Craig S. Tindall, Andrew M. Minor, Peter Denes
-
- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 25 / Issue S2 / August 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2019, pp. 1930-1931
- Print publication:
- August 2019
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
22 - Management of small renal masses
- from Section VI - Organ-specific cancers – renal cell carcinoma
-
- By Mansi A. Saksena, Department of Radiology, Debra A. Gervais, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Michael C. Soulen, University of Pennsylvania, Peter R. Mueller, Department of Radiology
- Edited by Jean-Francois H. Geschwind, Michael C. Soulen
-
- Book:
- Interventional Oncology
- Published online:
- 05 September 2016
- Print publication:
- 22 September 2016, pp 203-213
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Approximately 61,560 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were estimated to be diagnosed in the USA in 2015, with 14,080 cancer-related deaths attributed to cancers of the kidneys and the renal pelvis. More than one-half of these patients were diagnosed incidentally on cross-sectional imaging performed for non-related conditions. Increased incidental detection of small renal masses as well as advances in surgical techniques have led to development of nephron-sparing procedures for treatment in order to preserve renal function. Over the past decade, the options for the treatment of RCC have evolved to include radical nephrectomy as well as partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic nephrectomy and, in selected cases, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryotherapy. Each therapy has unique clinical applications and benefits. This article illustrates various treatment modalities used in the therapy of RCC, with special emphasis on percutaneous ablative techniques.
Clinical overview
RCC accounts for 85% of all renal tumors and is slightly more common in men than in women (1.6:1.0). Symptomatic RCC usually presents with a triad of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass. Hematuria, either gross or microscopic, in any patient usually warrants evaluation by a computed tomographic (CT) scan. Other non-specific symptoms include weight loss, anemia, or fatigue. However, almost one-half of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis and have incidentally detected tumors on cross-sectional imaging. Certain genetic syndromes such as von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease increase the incidence of RCC (accounting for approximately 2% of cases of RCC). Other risk factors include smoking, hypertension, obesity, and end-stage renal disease resulting in dialysis.
Clear-cell RCC is the most common histological subtype and is associated with VHL syndrome and end-stage renal disease (Table 22.1). Other inherited forms include familial clear-cell RCC. Papillary RCC, when sporadic, has a prominent male preponderance and is associated with almost 90% 5-year survival rates prior to metastatic spread. Papillary RCC has a lesser incidence of metastases than clear-cell but, when metastatic, is harder to treat. Papillary RCC is also seen in end-stage renal disease and in several familial syndromes. Other less common cell types include chromophobe RCC and collecting-duct RCC.
Contributors
-
- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
The science of EChO
- Giovanna Tinetti, James Y-K. Cho, Caitlin A. Griffith, Olivier Grasset, Lee Grenfell, Tristan Guillot, Tommi T. Koskinen, Julianne I. Moses, David Pinfield, Jonathan Tennyson, Marcell Tessenyi, Robin Wordsworth, Alan Aylward, Roy van Boekel, Angioletta Coradini, Therese Encrenaz, Ignas Snellen, Maria R. Zapatero-Osorio, Jeroen Bouwman, Vincent Coudé du Foresto, Mercedes Lopez-Morales, Ingo Mueller-Wodarg, Enric Pallé, Franck Selsis, Alessandro Sozzetti, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Thomas Henning, Michael Meyer, Giuseppina Micela, Ignasi Ribas, Daphne Stam, Mark Swain, Oliver Krause, Marc Ollivier, Emanuele Pace, Bruce Swinyard, Peter A.R. Ade, Nick Achilleos, Alberto Adriani, Craig B. Agnor, Cristina Afonso, Carlos Allende Prieto, Gaspar Bakos, Robert J. Barber, Michael Barlow, Peter Bernath, Bruno Bézard, Pascal Bordé, Linda R. Brown, Arnaud Cassan, Céline Cavarroc, Angela Ciaravella, Charles Cockell, Athéna Coustenis, Camilla Danielski, Leen Decin, Remco De Kok, Olivier Demangeon, Pieter Deroo, Peter Doel, Pierre Drossart, Leigh N. Fletcher, Matteo Focardi, Francois Forget, Steve Fossey, Pascal Fouqué, James Frith, Marina Galand, Patrick Gaulme, Jonay I. González Hernández, Davide Grassi, Matt J. Griffin, Ulrich Grözinger, Manuel Guedel, Pactrick Guio, Olivier Hainaut, Robert Hargreaves, Peter H. Hauschildt, Kevin Heng, David Heyrovsky, Ricardo Hueso, Pat Irwin, Lisa Kaltenegger, Patrick Kervella, David Kipping, Geza Kovacs, Antonino La Barbera, Helmut Lammer, Emmanuel Lellouch, Giuseppe Leto, Mercedes Lopez Morales, Miguel A. Lopez Valverde, Manuel Lopez-Puertas, Christophe Lovi, Antonio Maggio, Jean-Pierre Maillard, Jesus Maldonado Prado, Jean-Baptiste Marquette, Francisco J. Martin-Torres, Pierre Maxted, Steve Miller, Sergio Molinari, David Montes, Amaya Moro-Martin, Olivier Mousis, Napoléon Nguyen Tuong, Richard Nelson, Glenn S. Orton, Eric Pantin, Enzo Pascale, Stefano Pezzuto, Ennio Poretti, Raman Prinja, Loredana Prisinzano, Jean-Michel Réess, Ansgar Reiners, Benjamin Samuel, Jorge Sanz Forcada, Dimitar Sasselov, Giorgio Savini, Bruno Sicardy, Alan Smith, Lars Stixrude, Giovanni Strazzulla, Gautam Vasisht, Sandrine Vinatier, Serena Viti, Ingo Waldmann, Glenn J. White, Thomas Widemann, Roger Yelle, Yuk Yung, Sergey Yurchenko
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 6 / Issue S276 / October 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 November 2011, pp. 359-370
- Print publication:
- October 2010
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
The science of extra-solar planets is one of the most rapidly changing areas of astrophysics and since 1995 the number of planets known has increased by almost two orders of magnitude. A combination of ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions has resulted in 560-plus planets being detected, and over 1200 that await confirmation. NASA's Kepler mission has opened up the possibility of discovering Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around some of the 100,000 stars it is surveying during its 3 to 4-year lifetime. The new ESA's Gaia mission is expected to discover thousands of new planets around stars within 200 parsecs of the Sun. The key challenge now is moving on from discovery, important though that remains, to characterisation: what are these planets actually like, and why are they as they are?
In the past ten years, we have learned how to obtain the first spectra of exoplanets using transit transmission and emission spectroscopy. With the high stability of Spitzer, Hubble, and large ground-based telescopes the spectra of bright close-in massive planets can be obtained and species like water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide have been detected. With transit science came the first tangible remote sensing of these planetary bodies and so one can start to extrapolate from what has been learnt from Solar System probes to what one might plan to learn about their faraway siblings. As we learn more about the atmospheres, surfaces and near-surfaces of these remote bodies, we will begin to build up a clearer picture of their construction, history and suitability for life.
The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, will be the first dedicated mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. By characterising spectroscopically more bodies in different environments we will take detailed planetology out of the Solar System and into the Galaxy as a whole.
EChO has now been selected by the European Space Agency to be assessed as one of four M3 mission candidates.
Litterfall and nutrient cycling in four Hawaiian montane rainforests
- Peter M. Vitousek, Grant Gerrish, Douglas R. Turner, Lawrence R. Walker, Dieter Mueller-Dombois
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Tropical Ecology / Volume 11 / Issue 2 / May 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 189-203
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The mass of fine litterfall and nutrient circulation through litterfall were determined in four Melrosideros polymorpha/Cibotium spp.-dominated rainforests that differed in substrate age, parent material texture and annual precipitation on Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Three of the sites had rates of litterfall of 5.2 Mg ha−1 y−1; the fourth, which was on the most fertile soil, produced 7.0 Mg ha−1 y−1 of litterfall with higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Tree ferns of the genus Cibotium cycled relatively large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through litterfall; their contribution to nutrient circulation was disproportionate to their mass in the forest, or in litterfall. The forest on the youngest substrate, which also had the lowest concentrations of nitrogen in litterfall, was fertilized with complete factorial combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and a treatment consisting of all other plant nutrients. Additions of nitrogen increased the quantity and nitrogen concentration in litterfall during the second year following the initiation of fertilization, while no other treatment had a significant effect. Additions of nitrogen had no effect on litterfall mass or nutrient concentrations in the most nutrient-rich site.
Contributors
-
- By Hideki Azuma, Susan Mary Benbow, Bettina Heike Bewernick, T. K. Birkenhäger, Hal Blumenfeld, Tom G. Bolwig, Stanley N. Caroff, Sidney S. Chang, Pinhas N. Dannon, Renana Eitan, Alan R. Felthous, Felipe Fregni, Gabor Gazdag, Nataliya Giagou, Mustafa M. Husain, Charles H. Kellner, Barry Alan Kramer, Galit Landshut, James Stuart Lawson, Bernard Lerer, Jerry Lewis, Dongchen Li, Colleen Loo, Michelle Magid, Stephan C. Mann, Limore Maron, W. Vaughn McCall, Shawn M. McClintock, Niall McCrae, Andrew McDonald, Nikolaus Michael, Paul S. Mueller, Alexander I. Nelson, Unnati D. Patel, Kathy Peng, Keith G. Rasmussen, William H. Reid, Joseph M. Rey, Barbara M. Rohland, Marina Odebrecht Rosa, Moacyr Alexandro Rosa, Oded Rosenberg, Peter B. Rosenquist, Thomas E. Schläpfer, Edward Shorter, Pascal Sienaert, Conrad M. Swartz, Kenneth Trevino, Gabor S. Ungvari, Walter W. van den Broek, Garry Walter, Julie A. Williams
- Edited by Conrad M. Swartz
-
- Book:
- Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies
- Published online:
- 15 July 2009
- Print publication:
- 02 March 2009, pp ix-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp vii-x
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Index
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp 213-217
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Edited by Andy Adam, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008
-
Interventional radiological techniques are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of both primary and secondary malignant liver tumours. Surgery for liver tumours can be effective but carries considerable risks and new techniques have recently been developed. This volume provides an account of interventional radiological methods by some of the greatest experts in the field. It includes chapters on cryotherapy, chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation and an extensive chapter on imaging techniques. The scientific background of these techniques, the pathology of the diseases involved and an analysis of more traditional surgical methods are also described. This text brings together the latest advances in this fast-developing field.
Plate section
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp -
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Frontmatter
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp i-iv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Preface to Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp xiii-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
The care of patients with malignant tumors has changed substantially in recent years. New chemotherapeutic agents have led to substantial prolongation of survival in patients with liver metastases. Advances in surgery and anesthesia have enabled the resection of tumors with much lower morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic imaging techniques have facilitated earlier detection and more detailed follow-up of patients with liver tumors. However, the most exciting advances have been in the field of interventional radiology. Percutaneous ethanol injection, which has been used most effectively and extensively in the Far East, demonstrated that it is possible to completely destroy small hepatocellular carcinomas, obviating the need for surgical removal. This paved the way for the development of other local methods of treatment based on heating or freezing malignant tumors.
This book describes the state of the art in one of the most exciting fields in modern medicine. The authors are all world authorities in their field. The volume focuses on interventional radiological techniques but also provides a summary of the pathology of liver tumors, as well as an account of modern medical and surgical methods of treatment.
We are still in the early stages of local tumor treatment. The early results are very promising, and it is very likely that, in time, traditional surgical techniques will be increasingly supplemented by image-guided methods. Coupled with advances in structural and functional imaging, these advances offer the hope that a substantial proportion of patients with hepatic malignancy can be treated effectively.
Contents
- Edited by Andy Adam, University of London, Peter R. Mueller
-
- Book:
- Interventional Radiological Treatment of Liver Tumors
- Published online:
- 23 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 11 December 2008, pp v-vi
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
33 - Percutaneous Renal Ablation
- from PART III - ORGAN-SPECIFIC CANCERS
-
- By Mansi A. Saksena, Radiologist, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, Debra Gervais, Associate Professor, Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, Peter R. Mueller, Professor, Radiology Director, Abdominal Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA
- Edited by Jean-François H. Geschwind, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Michael C. Soulen, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
-
- Book:
- Interventional Oncology
- Published online:
- 18 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 15 September 2008, pp 400-412
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Approximately 38,890 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were estimated to be diagnosed in the United States in 2006, with 12,840 cancer-related deaths attributed to cancers of the kidneys and the renal pelvis (1). More than one-half of these patients were diagnosed incidentally on cross-sectional imaging performed for non-related conditions (2). Increased incidental detection of small renal masses as well as advances in surgical techniques have led to development of nephron-sparing procedures for treatment in order to preserve renal function. Over the past decade, the options for the treatment of RCC have evolved to include radical nephrectomy as well as partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic nephrectomy and, in selected cases, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryotherapy. Each therapy has unique clinical applications and benefits. This article illustrates various treatment modalities used in the therapy of RCC with special emphasis on percutaneous ablative techniques.
CLINICAL OVERVIEW
RCC accounts for 85% of all renal tumors and is slightly more common in men than in women (1.6 to 1.0) (2). Symptomatic RCC usually presents with a triad of flank pain, hematuria and a palpable abdominal mass. Hematuria, either gross or microscopic, in any patient usually warrants evaluation by a computed tomographic (CT) scan. Other nonspecific symptoms include weight loss, anemia or fatigue. However, almost one-half the patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis and have incidentally detected tumors on cross-sectional imaging. Certain genetic syndromes such as von Hipple-Lindau (VHL) disease increase the incidence of RCC (accounting for approximately 2% of cases of RCC).
6 - The case for biopsy in the modern management of renal cancer
-
- By Colin P. Cantwell, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, General Hospital, Boston, USA, Debra Gervais, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, General Hospital, Boston, USA, Peter R. Mueller, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Edited by Uday Patel, St George's Hospital, London
-
- Book:
- Carcinoma of the Kidney
- Published online:
- 08 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2007, pp 112-125
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Introduction
In the past, focal renal biopsy had a limited role in the management of renal masses. Potential complications and an overestimated risk of seeding the biopsy tract dissuaded operators from biopsy, and when performed definitive results were uncommon. Hence, urologists presumed that solid renal lesions over 3 cm and complex cysts were predominantly renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and rarely performed biopsy before surgical procedures.
Attitudes have changed to renal biopsy for a number of reasons, firstly, histological techniques have become more reliable. The morphology, immunocytochemical, and genetic profiles of RCC and its subtypes have been better described. Immunohistochemistry and special stains and genetic test are available to help differentiate tumor subtypes. Oncocytoma, oncocytic cancers, RCC and fat poor angiomyolipomas (AML) can now be differentiated histologically. There has also been a downward-stage migration of renal tumors at diagnosis and a substantial fraction of contemporary solid renal masses are benign. In one study, 12.8% of solid renal masses were found to be benign. When stratified by size, the proportion of benign masses was 25% for masses smaller than 3 cm, 30% for masses smaller than 2 cm, and 44% for masses smaller than 1 cm. Furthermore, small solid benign renal masses cannot be reliably distinguished from malignant masses by means of imaging findings alone.