4 results
The role of empathy in the coach-athlete relationship in cheerleading
- O. Krykun, V. Voronova, S. Fedorchuk
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1017
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Introduction
In 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) preliminarily recognized cheerleading as an Olympic sport. In this regard, the participation of Ukrainian cheerleaders in the 2024 Olympics in Paris is quite likely. The athlete’s performance depends on both physical and psychological factors. Human behavior depends on interaction with other people. Empathy is based on social interactions and is defined as understanding, awareness, sensitivity, and the ability to experience the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of another person. There is little research on the impact of empathy on individual athlete and team performance and performance. Psychological training in sports involves a significant amount of work with the athlete, in particular on the part of the coach: the formation of personality and interpersonal relations, the development of sports intelligence, mental functions and psychomotor qualities, etc.
ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine the level of empathy among cheerleading coaches.
MethodsThe following research methods were used to realize the goal of the work: 1) theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data; 2) observation, questionnaire, interview; 3) method of expert evaluations; 4) method of diagnosing the level of empathy; 5) methods of non-parametric statistics.
ResultsAccording to the general (total) indicator of empathy, the vast majority of cheerleading coaches (n=18) fell into the group with a reduced level of empathy, which is generally characteristic of coaches of some other team sports. According to the results of the research, the following features were revealed regarding individual trends in the structure of empathy of the subjects. In particular, the lowest number of points for coaches was found on the scales “Rational component of empathy”, “Identification abilities (ability to imitate)” and “Intuition”.
ConclusionsThe data of the conducted research show that the vast majority of the surveyed coaches are characterized by a reduced level of empathy. The most pronounced components of empathy, according to the obtained results, were such components of the coaches’ personality as penetrating abilities (ease of establishing communicative ties), emotional sensitivity and instructions that promote or hinder empathy.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sensorimotor accuracy and dynamic muscular endurance in war veterans (amateur athletes) during rehabilitation after battle trauma
- S. Fedorchuk, I. Pryma, I. Kohut, N. Krushynska, S. Tukaiev
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1033
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Introduction
During the war, the rehabilitation of combatants after injuries of varying degrees of complexity has particular importance. The effectiveness of rehabilitation of athletes-war veterans can be assessed by the level of physical performance, functional properties and state of all body systems. The reduction of functional asymmetry, accuracy of the sensorimotor response and dynamic muscular endurance (DME) of hand movement by the tapping test are effective and objective indicators of physical rehabilitation.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate functional asymmetry, accuracy of sensorimotor response and dynamic muscular endurance of hand movement by tapping test during the rehabilitation of amateur field-and-track athletes after battle traumas.
Methods10 war veterans (amateur field-and-track athletes, right-handed male aged between 28 and 60 years) took part in the study. To determine the state of psychophysiological functions and the maximum tempo of movement of the hand Diagnostic complex “Diagnost-1” (Ukraine) was used. We analyzed indicators of the tapping test, indicators of a simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and a reaction of choosing one of three signals (RCh1-3) separately for the right and left hand, indicators of a reaction of choosing two of three signals (RCh2-3). Non-parametric statistics methods (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) were used to process data.
ResultsThe accuracy of the sensorimotor reaction (according to the SVMR indicators) corresponded to the average level in the majority of athletes (60%). The indicators of the simple response of the choice of RCh1-3 were below the average (20%) or at a reduced level (50% of the examined). DME of the dominant hand was high or medium in 40% and 60% participants respectively. In 90% of the surveyed athletes, asymmetry in terms of the tapping test is moderately expressed. Results showed the significant correlation between the stability index of the simple visuomotor reaction (SVMR) and the dynamic muscular endurance (DME) indicators for the dominant and subdominant hand (r = 0.75, r = 0.71, p<0.05, respectively) - the greater DME corresponded to the lower stability of the SVMR. Latency periods of simple visuomotor reaction and their components (motor components of SVMR, RCh1-3, RCh2-3 reactions and the time of central processing of information in choice reactions) were not associated with tapping test indicators.
ConclusionsTherefore, it can be assumed that motor components of a simple visuomotor reaction, choice reactions and the time of central processing of information in choice reactions were not related to dynamic muscle endurance. The revealed interrelations between the stability of the sensorimotor response and the dynamic muscular endurance of the hand movement can be indicators of the successful rehabilitation of amateur athletes after injury.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Fight or flight mechanism and sports activities: psychophysiological aspects
- V. Romaniuk, S. Fedorchuk
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S622
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Introduction
Specialists in biology, medicine, and psychology need to pay special attention to theoretical and practical research on the implementation of the fight or flight mechanism in humans in conditions of war and hostilities. Adaptation mechanism of fight or flight is related to individual and social forms of behavior among people and animals, and is aimed at the homeostasis preservation in difficult living conditions. The evolutionary fight or flight mechanism in the functional connection with stress as a general adaptation syndrome and stress reactivity has individual features due to the strengthening of the functions of certain body systems. The systemic mechanism of fight or flight is accompanied by the corresponding functional and clinical symptoms and significantly influences physical and mental health of a person in various conditions of activity.
ObjectivesIn this regard, the main goal of this work was to determine the relationship between the behavioral strategy of fighting or escaping under stress and during sports activities.
MethodsThe following research methods were used to realize the goal of the work: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data.
ResultsIn our opinion, possible versions of Walter Cannon’s concept of the fight-or-flight mechanism are: 1) attack-or-flight mechanism; 2) defense or escape mechanism; 3) pursuit or escape mechanism. At the same time, it is advisable to consider aggression as a struggle, and escape as a struggle. In addition, in line with the concept of Walter Cannon and Hans Selye, it is possible to distinguish the stress of struggle and the stress of flight. Any intense muscle activity is accompanied by changes in the hormonal and nervous regulation of metabolism, as a result of which the body adapts to a certain physical load. In the athlete, these functional changes are observed even before the start of physical exercises, in particular, in the conditions of the pre-start and start state. The nature and reaction of neuro-endocrine mechanisms in the pre-start state depend on the nature of the load, as well as on the individual characteristics of the athlete (age, gender, type of nervous system, temperament, character, training, sports experience, etc.). It is important that the pre-start changes in metabolism contribute to the mobilization of the athlete’s functional potential even before the start of the corresponding physical activity. Moderate activation of the neuro-endocrine mechanisms of the athlete’s body (“combat readiness” state) is optimal. Functionally, it is less beneficial for the athlete’s body to have a sharp strengthening of neuro-endocrine mechanisms (“pre-start fever” state) or their paradoxical inhibition (“pre-start apathy” state).
ConclusionsThus, in humans, sports activities include a behavioral mechanism of fight or flight in combination with physiological and psychological stress.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Locus of control as a personal coping resource of a sportsman
- S. Fedorchuk, T. Petrovska, I. Kohut, O. Hanaha, L. Arnautova
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1016-S1017
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Introduction
In sports psychology, the issue of finding resources to overcome stress remains relevant at present. Currently, the priority is the search for personal resources that can help overcome difficult life situations. Currently, the priority is the search for personal resources that can help overcome difficult life situations. Research by many psychologists (Folkman S., Hobfoll S., Haan N.A., Heim E., Lazarus R., Moos R.N., Schaefer C., Grin O.R., Dementiy L.I., Kalnysh V.V., Tukaiev S.V., Khazova S.A. et al) is devoted to this topic. Among the coping resources, the authors single out motivation, locus of control, resilience, self-control, purposefulness, outlook, intelligence, etc.
ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is the analysis of literary sources regarding the study of the locus of control as a personal coping resource of an athlete.
MethodsTo realize the goal of the work, the following were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data.
ResultsAccording to the results of research by domestic scientists, the locus of control and responsibility can act as a coping resource. It was found that the internal locus of control is associated with a low level of anxiety, and the external one with a high one; in addition, an inverse relationship between the locus of control and the level of neuroticism was found (Dementiy, 2005). This indicates that respondents with an internal locus of control are more stable in their behavior in situations that provoke anxiety and actualize personal anxiety. Internality allows a person to maintain a sense of control over the situation and his condition. It has been proven that the relationship between the locus of control and the state of anxiety depends on volitional self-control. However, along with this, the phenomenon of “heaviness of responsibility” is known in the scientific literature, which manifests itself in a sharp increase in anxiety with an internal locus of control. This may indicate that internality “loses” its resourcefulness under certain conditions: relationships between internality and anxiety are evident only at a low level of self-control. In the case when a person has developed self-control, such a connection is broken.
ConclusionsThe generally accepted structure of personal resources, which determine the effective behavior of an individual under conditions of stress, has not yet been formed. Locus of control can act as a coping resource in the structure of self-regulation of an individual.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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