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1034 – The Metabolic Syndrome And Late-life Depression
- R. Marijnissen, J. Smits, R. Schoevers, R. van den Brink, S. Holewijn, B. Franke, J. de Graaf, R. Oude Voshaar
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E448
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- Article
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Objectives
The association between depression and metabolic syndrome is becoming more obvious.
AimsWe examined the relationship between the number and individual components of metabolic syndrome and late-life depressive symptom clusters.
MethodsIn 1279 individuals aged 50 through 70 participating in the Nijmegen Biomedical Study (Cross-sectional populationbased survey), we measured all metabolic syndrome components and depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Principal components analysis of BDI-items yielded two factors, representing a cognitive-affective and a somatic-affective symptom-cluster. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders were conducted with BDI sum score and both depression symptom-clusters as dependent variables, respectively. We explored the differences in this association between men and women.
ResultsIn fully adjusted models, both presence of the metabolic syndrome as well as number of components was associated with the BDI sumscore(resp. β=0.063;p=0.022 vs. β=0.112;p< 0.001), the latter showing the strongest association. These associations were primarily driven by the somatic-affective symptom-cluster. Testing individual components of the metabolic syndrome, showed that in men waist circumference, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were significantly associated with depression, whereas in women only the waist circumference.
ConclusionsThe specific association somatic-affective symptoms suggest confounding by a (subclinical) somatic condition in stead of a real association with classical depression. The identified sex-differences suggest different pathways between depression and metabolic perturbations in men only. However, as vascular disease develops at higher ages in women and findings were in the same direction but non-significant in women, future research in older women sample should confirm our findings.
Depressive symptom clusters are differentially associated with atherosclerotic disease
- B. A. A. Bus, R. M. Marijnissen, S. Holewijn, B. Franke, N. Purandare, J. de Graaf, M. den Heijer, J. K. Buitelaar, R. C. Oude Voshaar
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 7 / July 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 December 2010, pp. 1419-1428
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Background
Depression increases the risk of subsequent vascular events in both cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Atherosclerosis, the underlying process leading to vascular events, has been associated with depression. This association, however, may be confounded by the somatic-affective symptoms being a consequence of cardiovascular disease. While taking into account the differentiation between somatic-affective and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression, we examined the association between depression and atherosclerosis in a community-based sample.
MethodIn 1261 participants of the Nijmegen Biomedical Study (NBS), aged 50–70 years and free of stroke and dementia, we measured the intima–media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery as a measure of atherosclerosis and we assessed depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Principal components analysis (PCA) of the BDI items yielded two factors, representing a cognitive-affective and a somatic-affective symptom cluster. While correcting for confounders, we used separate multiple regression analyses to test the BDI sum score and both depression symptom clusters.
ResultsWe found a significant correlation between the BDI sum score and the IMT. Cognitive-affective, but not somatic-affective, symptoms were also associated with the IMT. When we stratified for coronary artery disease (CAD), the somatic-affective symptom cluster correlated significantly with depression in both patients with and patients without CAD.
ConclusionsThe association between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis is explained by the somatic-affective symptom cluster of depression. Subclinical vascular disease thus may inflate depressive symptom scores and may explain why treatment of depression in cardiac patients hardly affects vascular outcome.