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2334 Neural correlates of externally Versus internally guided dance-based therapies for people with Parkinson’s disease
- Amrit Kashyap, Madeleine Hackney, Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy, Lisa Krishnamurthy, Krish Sathian, Bruce Crosson, Steve Wolf, Daniel Corcos, Jonathan Drucker, Marian Evatt, Gopi Kaundinya, Aaron Bozzorg, Ariel Hart
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 21
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a condition that affects over a million Americans, and despite current medical therapies, the progression of the disease results in impaired generation of internally timed or guided (IG) movements. To address this loss of motor function, previous rehabilitation therapies have focused on remediating the affected striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits (STC), primarily thought to be responsible in generating timed motor patterns. However, given the disease leads to the cell death of dopaminergic cells that are essential for proper STC function, we propose a motor therapy aimed at utilizing a compensatory parallel cerebellar-thalamic-cortical (CTC) pathway, recruited to perform externally guided (EG) movements, in which gait initiation is driven from sensory input. Our previous study has shown efficacy in our novel argentine tango therapy and improves behavioral measures above the relevant MCID threshold, but it has not been established that the CTC are in the causal pathway that are responsible for these changes. Using neural measures from task fMRI, we have begun to characterize networks that have changed and quantify any associations with behavioral metrics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients were randomly assigned to an IG (n=18), EG (n=18), or education contact control (n=14). Participants were assessed preintervention and postintervention for behavioral motor and cognitive measures and neurophysiologically with task based fMRI. In the task, participants performed a foot tapping task under both IG (tap their foot in previously learned rhythm) or EG (tap immediately after receiving a tactile cue on their hand) conditions. The fMRI data were preprocessed using AFNI and registered to MNI standard space. The brainnetome atlas was applied and the average time series of each region of interest (ROI) was used to increase the signal to noise ratio. The activation of these ROI with respect to the stimulus was modeled using GLM, and we estimated the area under the curve during the task blocks. A 1-way ANOVA analysis on these betas were performed between the pre and the post intervention time points and the ROIs that were above a significance of 0.95 were identified and corrected for multiple comparisons. The change in beta in all ROIs for each individual were calculated and then correlated with the changes in the behavioral data, to see which changes in ROI areas matched the best with the behavioral changes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The EG group showed significant changes only in the EG task in 2 areas—inferior frontal gyrus and inferior temporal sulcus. Correlating to the cognitive behavioral measures show reduced error from the Inferior frontal gyrus (corr>0.5) best reflect changes in observed. There were no changes to either the STC or the CTC pathways. The IG group showed no changes behaviorally and showed no changes neurally as well. The control group showed no changes behaviorally, but neuronally certain DMN nodes, such as the precuneus and inferior temporal regions showed a significant change for both tasks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Addressing the damaged STC pathway directly through IG therapy may not be effective. The EG therapy may not be able to enhance the STC pathway. However, the therapy appears to utilize new areas in the frontal regions and correlates with positively with changes in spatial memory and balance tasks. Contrary to our hypothesis the CTC circuit was not upregulated for performance of the IG or EG task, but therapy may have enhanced recruitment of other cognitively engaged areas. The educational control group interestingly showed changes in the DMN network, which has been shown to be linked to attention during tasks blocks.
The Last Interglacial to Glacial Transition, Togiak Bay, Southwestern Alaska
- Darrell S. Kaufman, William F. Manley, Alexander P. Wolfe, Feng Sheng Hu, Shari J. Preece, John A. Westgate, Steve L. Forman
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- Journal:
- Quaternary Research / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / March 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 190-202
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An 18-m-high coastal bluff at Togiak Bay (northwestern Bristol Bay, southwestern Alaska) exposes marine, lacustrine, fluvial, glacial, volcanic, and organic deposits that record the ∼50,000-year-long transition from the peak of the last interglaciation to the early Wisconsin glaciation. The base of the section is dominated by stratified sand and silt extending up to 4.3 m above sea level; marine diatoms are present, and pollen assemblages are characterized by relatively high percentages of Picea, Alnus, and Betula and low percentages of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. The marine sediment was probably deposited during the peak of marine oxygen-isotope stage (OIS) 5e. An infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) age of 151,000±13,000 yr from near the base of the exposure is permissive of this correlation. The marine sand and silt are overlain by 0.8 m of peaty silt with diatoms that record a transition from marine to lacustrine conditions. During this interval, Poaceae and Cyperaceae dominate the pollen assemblages, and Picea and shrubs are nearly absent, suggesting that herb tundra occupied the landscape. This interval probably encompasses OIS 5d on the basis of the herb tundra and an IRSL age of 119,000±10,000 yr from 60 cm below the marine/lacustrine transition. The organic mud is overlain by 3.1 m of stratified sand and organic silt that apparently record shallowing of the lake; reappearance of spruce and shrubs (=OIS 5c?); and subsequent deepening of the lake (=OIS 5b?); followed by aggradation of a floodplain (=OIS 5a?), which was dry at the time basaltic lava buried the site. Thermoluminescence analyses on lava-baked sediment indicate that the eruption occurred 70,000±10,000 yr ago. Sometime thereafter, but prior to 53,600 14C yr B.P. an outlet of the Ahklun Mountains ice cap advanced over the site and deposited ∼7 m of bouldery ice-contact drift. The sedimentary sequence contains at least four tephra beds. Major- and trace-element chemistry provide a basis for correlating two of the tephras with tephra beds at nearby sites. The tephras, luminescence ages, and correlations with marine isotope stages provide the geochronological control to place the Togiak Bay section into a global context. The site serves as an important new reference section for late Pleistocene paleoenvironmental change in eastern Beringia.
Weak Lensing Results from GEMS
- Catherine Heymans, Michael L. Brown, Marco Barden, John A. R. Caldwell, Knud Jahnke, Hans-Walter Rix, Andy N. Taylor, Steve Beckwith, Eric Bell, Andrea Borch, Boris Häußler, Sharda Jogee, Daniel H. McIntosh, Klaus Meisenheimer, Chen Peng, Sebastian F. Sánchez, Rachel Somerville, Lutz Wisotzki, Christian Wolf
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 2004 / Issue IAUS225 / July 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 June 2005, pp. 43-48
- Print publication:
- July 2004
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We present our cosmic shear analysis of the Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs (GEMS) survey. Imaged with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on HST, GEMS provides high resolution imaging spanning some 800 square arcmins in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). We discuss the benefits of using space-based data for weak lensing studies and show that the ACS is a very powerful instrument in this regard. We find that we are not limited by systematic errors arising from the anisotropic ACS point spread function distortion and use our cosmic shear results to place joint constraints on the matter density parameter $\Omega_m$ and the amplitude of the matter power spectrum $\sigma_8$, finding $\sigma_8(\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.62}=0.73 \pm 0.12$.
To investigate the impact of atmospheric seeing on weak lensing analysis we compare the shear measured from CDFS galaxies resolved by the COMBO-17 survey and imaged by GEMS. We find good agreement between the two surveys and a higher dispersion in the intrinsic ellipticity distribution of COMBO-17. This dispersion implies that a space-based cosmic shear analysis would yield higher signal-to-noise results compared to a ground-based cosmic shear analysis of the same galaxy sample.
To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
Acquisition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Large Intensive Care Unit
- Caroline Marshall, Glenys Harrington, Rory Wolfe, Christopher K. Fairley, Steve Wesselingh, Denis Spelman
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 24 / Issue 5 / May 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 322-326
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- May 2003
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Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization on admission to the ICU and the incidence of MRSA colonization in the ICU.
Design:Prospective cohort study.
Setting:University hospital.
Participants:Patients admitted to the ICU in 2000-2001.
Methods:Patients were screened for MRSA with nose, throat, groin, and axilla swabs on admission and discharge. MRSA acquisition was defined as a negative admission screen and a positive discharge screen. Risk factors analyzed included previous wards/current unit, gender, age, and length of stay prior to and in the ICU. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression.
Results:Of screened patients, 6.8% were MRSA colonized on admission to the ICU. Some patients (11.4%) became newly colonized during their stay in the ICU. Factors that remained significant in the multivariate analysis of MRSA colonization on admission were previous admission to various wards and length of stay prior to ICU admission of more than 3 days. In the multivariate analysis of MRSA acquisition in the ICU, being a trauma patient and length of stay in the ICU greater than 2 days remained significant. Thirty-six percent of patients had both admission and discharge swabs taken. This percentage increased in the presence of a supervisory nurse.
Conclusion:Significant acquisition of MRSA occurs in the ICU of our hospital, with trauma patients at increased risk. Patients who had been on the cardiothoracic ward prior to the ICU had a lower risk of MRSA colonization on admission. Presence of a supervisory nurse improved compliance with screening.