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Association of Various Factors With Deliberate Self-Harm Among Patients of Bipolar Disorder
- Yasir Mateen, Usama Bin Zubair, Hirra Hussain, Sumira Qambar Bokhari
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, p. S60
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Aims
Deliberate self-harm is one of the common psychiatric emergencies in medical practice, and bipolar disorder carries one of the highest risks for self-harm among various other psychiatric and physical disorders. The relationship between self-harm and bipolar disorder and its risk factors has not been sufficiently studied in Pakistan and remains an area of investigation elsewhere. The objective of our study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with deliberate self-harm in patients with bipolar disorder.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from May 2020 to April 2021. A total of 165 patients living with bipolar disorder, between the ages of 15 and 65 years, were included in our study. The diagnosis was in accordance with the criteria in International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). Deliberate self-harm was defined as a non-fatal act in which an individual deliberately causes self-injury or ingests a substance in excess of any prescribed or generally recognized dosage. This was assessed through history (during last 6 months) and physical examination performed by the psychiatrist.
Sociodemographic variables like age, gender, educational status, marital status and employment status, and the clinical variable of treatment compliance, were documented. The data were recorded and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The association of above factors with the presence of self-harm in our study participants was then explored with Pearson Chi-Square test. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
ResultsOut of 165 cases included in the study, 62.42% (n = 103) were male and 37.58% (n = 62) were females. The frequency of deliberate self-harm in bipolar disorder was 35.15%. In terms of association, only female gender was found to have a statistically significant relationship (p-value <0.001) with the presence of self-harm in our study.
ConclusionWe concluded that deliberate self-harm is a common finding in cases of bipolar disorder in Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerable subgroups, such as female patients in this study, should receive more clinical attention and safeguarding support.
Evaluation of self-esteem in adolescents of secondary school level
- Farhana Begum, Usama Zubair, Iqbal Afridi, Fatima Toufique, Jawed Dars, Chunni Lal
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue S1 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 June 2021, p. S237
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Aims
To assess the frequency of low self-esteem among adolescents of secondary school level in private schools of Karachi
MethodIt was a cross-sectional descriptive study done in ten private schools of Karachi for a period of 6 months. The proposal of the study was accepted by ethical committee of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi (called Institutional Review Board or IRB).The subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled after obtaining informed consent by their parents. A semi-structured Performa was used to assess students’ particulars and included Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire as a part of Performa. The data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Frequencies & percentages were generated for the level of self-esteem.Stratified analysis was done with a p value <0.05 taken as significant.
ResultOut of the 246 students, 39.8% were of 14yrs of age, 36.2% were 15 years of age, while only 24% of adolescents were 16 years of age. Majority (64.2%) of the students were males while females were 35.8%. 70.3% of the students had normal level of self-esteem, whereas 28.9% of students had low self-esteem and only 0.8% of students had high self-esteem. Relationship of all the variables was found to be non-significant except that of educational level (p-value 0.047).
ConclusionSelf-esteem was found to be normal in most of the adolescents of secondary school level but still more than 1/4th of the study participants had low self-esteem which if assessed and addressed early may save the individuals from mental health issues as well as problems at work and home life.Having a better understanding of self-esteem, can help us to identify the adolescents who have low self-esteem and are predisposed to develop mental health difficulties in future.It can lead to not only early intervention and reducing the burden of disease but also help in developing programs to help improve self-esteem in adolescents,hence increasing their overall motivation and productivity.
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