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Congenital transmission of Mexican strains of Trypanosoma cruzi TcIa: interaction between parasite and human placental explants
- Cecilia Gomes Barbosa, César Gómez-Hernández, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Karine Rezende-Oliveira, Paula Tatiana Mutão Ferreira, Ana Carolina Morais de Oliveira, Chamberttan Souza Desidério, Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo, Tamires Marielem de Carvalho-Costa, Ingrid Ketlen Pereira Dos Santos, Lorena Kelly Alves Saraiva, Carlo José Freire de Oliveira, Juliana Reis Machado, Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro, Virmondes Rodrigues, Jr., Luís Eduardo Ramirez
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 149 / Issue 3 / March 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 November 2021, pp. 418-426
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- Article
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Congenital transmission of Chagas disease plays an important role in endemic countries because it is not a diagnosis that is encountered frequently in prenatal care. Due to limited information regarding congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexico, the present study aimed to investigate protozoan infectivity and modulation of immune responses in human placental explants infected with T. cruzi Ia Mexican strains. The Inc-5 strain showed increased infectivity and modulated IL-1β, IL-10 and TLR-4, decreasing their expression after 24 h of infection. Both strains (Inc-5 and Ninoa) stimulated the production of TNF-α and decreased IL-6 levels 96 h after infection. An important detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast caused by infection with T. cruzi was observed after 24 h of infection. In this study, ex vivo infection of human placental villi was performed to better understand interactions involving parasitic T. cruzi and human placental tissue. It was concluded that the strains of TcIa present parasitism in placental tissue, modulation of the innate immune system of the placenta, and cause intense detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast, a fact that may be more associated with abortion and premature birth events than the congenital transmission itself, justifying the low rate of this transmission mechanism by this genotype.
12 - Genetics of human susceptibility to infection and hepatic disease caused by schistosomes
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- By Alain J. Dessein, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Sandrine Marquet, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Carole Eboumbou Moukoko, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Hèlia Dessein, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Laurent Argiro, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Sandrine Henri, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Dominique Hillaire, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Christophe Chevillard, Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France, Nasureldin El Wali, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Mubarak Magzoub, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Laurent Abel, Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Necker, Paris, Virmondes Rodrigues, Jr, Faculty of Medicine do Triangulo Mineiro, Ubéraba, Brazil, Aluizio Prata, Faculty of Medicine do Triangulo Mineiro, Ubéraba, Brazil, Gachuhi Kimani, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
- Edited by Richard Bellamy, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana
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- Book:
- Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
- Published online:
- 14 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 22 December 2003, pp 337-360
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Summary
Schistosome infections cause much suffering in millions of people living in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America (Prata, 1987; Chitsulo et al., 2000). The most severe clinical symptoms affect the kidneys and urinary tract. However, schistosomes also cause various other disorders such as heart failure and neurological diseases. Three species of schistosome are responsible for most human infections (Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium). These species are found in different geographical locations, have different vectors, and cause different symptoms. Schistosomes are multicellular parasites that are disseminated as free swimming larvae (cercariae) in ponds, lakes, and rivers by snails. Humans become infected when they stay in contaminated water for a few minutes. The cercariae penetrate the human skin and develop into male or female adult schistosomes within 5 or 6 weeks. These small worms (Fig. 12.1A) can live in the vascular system of their vertebrate host for 2 to 5 years. Schistosomes do not multiply within their vertebrate host. The female worms, however, lay hundreds of eggs per day in the mesenteric or vesical veins of their host. Most of the symptoms associated with these infections are caused by the inflammation that is induced by the immunogenic and toxic substances produced by the eggs. The chronic cellular reaction that develops around the eggs is organised in a granuloma (Von Lichtenberg, 1962; Warren et al., 1967).